A novel instrument for the analysis of urine for the nonA novel instrument for the analysis of urine for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer-invasive detection of bladder cancer

我们能通过尿检发现和监测膀胱癌吗？对于许多膀胱癌（BC）患者来说，他们的癌症在治疗后会复发，因此他们必须定期检查。这些病人用膀胱镜检查。这是一根细长的软管，末端有一盏灯和一个摄像头，插入尿道（将尿液排出体外的管道）并向上进入膀胱。摄像头显示膀胱内部，医生可以做出诊断。这种诊断方法（膀胱镜检查）对病人来说可能不舒服，对NHS来说也很昂贵。这个项目的目的是找出是否可以用一种新的实验室方法来代替。这项检测需要能够区分肿瘤细胞和尿液中的其他东西，比如膀胱正常活动时脱落到尿液中的正常细胞，以及不是由这些癌症引起的细菌。为此，我们将在模拟尿液样本的样品上照射紫外线和可见光，并拍摄样品流动的视频。我们有一种新的更好的方法来做这件事，它将给我们更清晰的细胞图像，特别是在紫外线下，并允许我们看到最大50毫升的大样本。然后计算机软件将从仪器中获取数据并告诉我们有关细胞的信息。我们希望能够区分肿瘤细胞、正常细胞和血细胞之间的区别，并减少患者未来需要的膀胱镜检查次数。

Can we detect and monitor bladder cancer with a urine test? For many patients with bladder cancer (BC), their cancer comes back after treatment and so they have to be regularly checked. These patients are checked with a cystoscope. This is a long thin flexible tube with a light and a camera at the end that is inserted into the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) and up into the bladder. The camera shows the inside of the bladder and the doctor can make a diagnosis. This method of diagnosis (cystoscopy) can be uncomfortable for the patient and is expensive to the NHS. This project aims to find out if a new laboratory method could be used instead. The test needs to be able to tell the difference between tumour cells and other things in the urine like regular cells shed into the urine by the normal action of the bladder and germs that are not due to these cancers. To do this we will shine UV and visual light at samples which mimic urine samples and take a video of the samples flowing. We have a new better way of doing this that will give us sharper images of the cells, especially in the UV light, and allow us to look at bigger samples up to 50 ml. Computer software will then take the data from the instrument and tell us information about the cells. We hope to be able to tell the difference between tumour cells, normal cells and blood cells and reduce the number of cystoscopies that patients need in future.