NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF STARTLE RESPONSES

惊吓反应的正常发展

• 批准号: 2197073
• 负责人: EDWARD M ORNITZ
• 金额: $ 28.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-09-01 至 1996-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2197073
• 关键词: attention deficit disorder; audiometry; auditory stimulus; autonomic reflex; behavior test; behavioral habituation /sensitization; biomarker; brain stem; enuresis; human morbidity; human subject; middle childhood (6-11); nervous system disorder diagnosis; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; noise; performance; preschool child (1-5); startle reaction; statistics /biometry; stimulus interval; young adult human (21-34)

This project is a maturational study of startle modulation during childhood and an application of the normative data to the syndrome of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The major aim of this proposal is to continue our studies of startle modulation in ADHD along lines suggested by current literature and our own data, namely that pathophysiology in ADHD is likely to be located in structures rostral to brainstem regions. To explore this hypothesis, startle will be used as a probe to evaluate the sustained attention of ADHD during a continuous performance task (CPT). ADHD children have shown attentional deficits on the CPT, and startle attenuation can reflect the degree of attentional engagement and downstream cortical control of brainstem sensory processing mechanism. Additionally this proposal continues our normative maturational studies, extending them to CPT attenuation of startle, by studying this type of startle modulation in preschool children. Since 30 percent of our ADHD subjects had primary nocturnal enuresis, and it was those ADHD boys with enuresis who showed significantly reduced inhibitory prestimulation modulation of startle (PMS), a new aim of this proposal is to study PMS in definitive groups of boys with ADHD with and without nocturnal enuresis and boys with pure nocturnal enuresis. These groups will be large enough so that their dimensional characteristics (severity of ADHD, and frequency of nocturnal enuresis) and expected comorbidity (oppositional defiant disorder in ADHD, daytime wetting and encopresis in nocturnal enuretics, and specific development disorders in both groups can be evaluated. Because there is a strong familial component to primary nocturnal enuresis, both parents of each pure enuretic boy will be tested for PMS. Hence, this proposal will explore the possibility of a familial neurophysiologic marker in enuresis. A feature of this proposal is the evaluation of diagnostic and functional neuroanatomic specificity. This will be achieved by comparing the enuretic and ADHD populations not only with normal controls but also with each other on both the PMS and CPT attenuation of startle experiments. It is anticipated that the enuretics will show deficient inhibitory PMS and normal CPT attenuation of startle, suggesting a primary brainstem dysfunction, while ADHD boys will show the opposite, suggesting cortical dysfunction, with downstream effects on startle modulation.

本课题是一项关于惊吓调制的成熟研究， 儿童和应用规范性数据的综合征 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。 主要目的是 我的建议是继续我们的研究惊吓调制多动症沿着 目前的文献和我们自己的数据表明， ADHD的病理生理学可能位于头侧结构， 脑干区域 为了探索这一假设，惊吓将被用作 一个探针，以评估持续的注意力多动症在一个连续的 性能任务（CPT）。 注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童 在CPT上，惊吓衰减可以反映 注意参与与脑干下游皮质控制 感觉加工机制 此外，该提案继续我们的 规范成熟的研究，将其扩展到CPT衰减， 通过研究学龄前儿童的惊吓调节， 孩子 因为我们的ADHD受试者中有30%的人 遗尿症，正是那些患有遗尿症的ADHD男孩表现出 显著降低惊吓的抑制性预刺激调制 (PMS)这项建议的一个新目标是在确定的群体中研究PMS 有和没有夜间遗尿的ADHD男孩和纯 夜间遗尿症 这些群体将足够大， 维度特征（ADHD的严重程度和 夜间遗尿）和预期合并症（对立违抗性 注意力缺陷多动障碍，夜间遗尿症患者的日间尿湿和便溺， 并且可以评估两组中的特定发育障碍。 因为原发性夜盲症有很强的家族因素 遗尿症，每个纯遗尿症男孩的父母都将接受经前综合症测试。 因此，这项建议将探讨家庭的可能性 遗尿症的神经生理学标志物。 这项建议的一个特点是， 评价诊断和功能神经解剖学特异性。 这 将通过比较遗尿和ADHD人群来实现，不仅 在PMS和CPT上， 惊吓衰减实验 预计该 遗尿剂将显示出抑制性PMS不足和正常CPT衰减 惊恐，表明原发性脑干功能障碍，而多动症男孩 将显示相反的情况，表明皮质功能障碍，下游 对惊吓调节的影响