LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

这项研究的目的是发展一种理论， 使用他们的语言知识来理解他们所读的句子， 听 实验提出，检查的认知过程， 正常的完整的成年人在阅读或听力。 了实验 旨在揭示支配读者和听众的原则 在句子分析中使用语法信息，并以 假设这些原则将形成一个独特的子集， 一般认知的原则。 本提案的主要创新之处在于它声称， 不同类型的短语被处理得相当不同。 “小学 关系”（主谓语的论元和强制成分，以及 他们的论点和强制性的依赖）是根据处理 我们以前提出的原则。 它们连接成一个单一的， 确定的句法结构，然后进行语义解释。 “非主要关系”（不能是主要关系的短语）是指 与句子的主题定义域相关联， 和非语言信息源可以使用（遵循一个过程 我们称之为“关联”），以确定它们在此 域 拟议的研究使用了各种实验技术， 认知心理学来测试这些关于认知的新主张， 继续我们以前对句法加工原则的研究。 它 旨在促进心理语言学理论的发展。 心理语言学理论的最新进展已经产生了实质性影响 对语言障碍的分析，尤其是失语症。 我们预计 这些新的分析将导致更多的理解， 希望能改善这些疾病的治疗。

The goal of the proposed research is to develop a theory of how people use knowledge of their language to comprehend sentences they read or hear. Experiments are proposed that examine the cognitive processes of normal, intact adults during reading or listening. The experiments are designed to uncover the principles that govern readers' and listeners' use of grammatical information in sentence parsing, and is predicated on the assumption that these principles will form a distinct subset of the principles that govern cognition in general. The primary innovation of the present proposal is its claim that two different types of phrases are processed quite differently. "Primary relations" (arguments and obligatory constituents of main predicates, and their arguments and obligatory dependents) are processed according to principles we have advanced earlier. They are attached into a single, determinate syntactic structure which is then interpreted semantically. "Nonprimary relations" (phrases which cannot be primary relations) are associated with a thematically-defined domain of a sentence, and semantic and nonlinguistic sources of information can be used (following a process we call "construal") to determine their specific association within this domain. The proposed research uses a variety of techniques of experimental cognitive psychology to test these new claims about construal and to continue our previous research on syntactic processing principles. It is designed to contribute to the development of psycholinguistic theory. Recent advances in psycholinguistic theory have had substantial impact on the analysis of language disorders, especially aphasia. We anticipate that these new analyses will lead to increased understanding and, hopefully, improved treatment of such disorders.