PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF FORAGING AND FEEDING

觅食和喂养的心理生物学

• 批准号: 2202277
• 负责人: KAREN ACKROFF
• 金额: $ 10.19万
• 依托单位: BROOKLYN COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1996-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2202277
• 关键词: blood glucose; caloric dietary content; choice; cholecystokinin; conditioning; cues; dietary proteins; eating; ethology; food flavor; injection /infusion; laboratory rat; nutrient intake activity; nutrition; nutrition related tag; preference; psychobiology; satiations; tube feeding

The studies proposed in this application are designed to bridge the gap between the two general approaches to animal feeding behavior. The homeostatic approach emphasizes animals' responses to a variety of internal cues, while the ecological approach has sought explanations for animals' patterns of food intake in external factors, such as foraging cost and food availability. Because these models were developed by and remain largely segregated within different scientific disciplines, little is known about the interaction of physiological and environmental determinants of feeding behavior. A third approach, which emphasizes the hedonic aspects of eating, is also poorly integrated into the homeostatic and ecological models. The general goal of the proposed studies is to combine these areas of investigation, by asking whether psychobiological controls of food intake already identified in free-feeding animals have the same effects when ecological constraints also operate. The specific aims are to compare the responsiveness of foraging and free-feeding animals to a variety of previously identified internal and external signals that initiate meals and cues that maintain feeding, and to compare their ability to adjust protein intake in response to internal changes in nutritional state. Foraging animals' regulation of food intake suggests that the animals' responsiveness to internal signals for meal initiation and termination is modified by the external demand of meal cost. As the cost of obtaining meals increases, foragers eat fewer meals per day and increase average meal size, keeping total intake constant over a range of food-access costs. The proposed studies will combine several well-developed technologies. In the laboratory simulation of foraging, animals will be required to work for access to meals and their behavior will be compared to that of animals given free access to meals. Intragastric infusion techniques will allow the separation of oral and postingestive stimuli for the study of palatability, nutrient density and quality. The examination of physiological signals will make use of on-line blood glucose recording and automated infusions of cholecystokinin, so that freely behaving animals can be studied with minimal disturbance by handling. Exteroceptive stimuli will be used to elicit conditioned meal initiation and to signal impending food restriction. Computerized data collection and control will allow the continuous monitoring of all foraging and feeding behavior. This research, which involves the fields of psychology, biology and nutrition, will provide new information on the interaction of internal physiological cues and external environmental cues in the control of caloric intake and nutrient selection under free-feeding and simulated foraging conditions.

本申请中提出的研究旨在弥合差距 动物摄食行为的两种一般方法之间的差异。 的 稳态方法强调动物对各种 内部线索，而生态学方法寻求解释， 动物在外部因素（如觅食）中的食物摄入模式 成本和粮食供应。 因为这些模型是由 在不同的科学学科中， 已知生理和环境的相互作用 进食行为的决定因素。 第三种方法强调 饮食的享乐方面，也很难整合到稳态 生态模型。 拟议研究的总体目标是 联合收割机这些领域的调查，通过询问是否心理生物学 在自由饲养动物中已经确定的食物摄入控制， 当生态限制也起作用时，也会产生同样的效果。 具体 目的是比较觅食和自由进食的反应 动物的各种先前确定的内部和外部 启动进食的信号和维持进食的线索， 比较他们调整蛋白质摄入量的能力， 营养状态的变化。 觅食动物对食物的调节 摄入量表明，动物对内部信号的反应， 用餐开始和结束由外部需求修改， 餐费。 随着获取膳食的成本增加，觅食者吃得更少 增加平均膳食量，保持总摄入量 在一系列粮食获取成本上保持不变。 拟议的研究将结合联合收割机几种成熟的技术。 在觅食的实验室模拟中，动物将被要求 工作获得膳食和他们的行为将比较， 动物可以自由进食。 胃内灌注技术 将允许研究的口服和摄食后刺激分开 适口性、营养密度和质量的影响。 审查 生理信号将利用在线血糖记录 自动注射胆囊收缩素， 动物可以在最小干扰的情况下进行研究。 将使用外感受性刺激来引发条件性膳食启动 并发出食物限制的信号。 计算机数据收集 和控制将允许持续监控所有 觅食和取食行为。 这项研究涉及心理学、生物学和 营养，将提供新的信息，内部的相互作用， 生理线索和外部环境线索在控制 自由采食和模拟采食条件下的热量摄入和营养素选择 觅食条件