PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF FORAGING AND FEEDING

觅食和喂养的心理生物学

• 批准号: 2202276
• 负责人: KAREN ACKROFF
• 金额: $ 9.8万
• 依托单位: BROOKLYN COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1996-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2202276
• 关键词: blood glucose; caloric dietary content; choice; cholecystokinin; conditioning; cues; dietary proteins; eating; ethology; food flavor; injection /infusion; laboratory rat; nutrient intake activity; nutrition; nutrition related tag; preference; psychobiology; satiations; tube feeding

The studies proposed in this application are designed to bridge the gap between the two general approaches to animal feeding behavior. The homeostatic approach emphasizes animals' responses to a variety of internal cues, while the ecological approach has sought explanations for animals' patterns of food intake in external factors, such as foraging cost and food availability. Because these models were developed by and remain largely segregated within different scientific disciplines, little is known about the interaction of physiological and environmental determinants of feeding behavior. A third approach, which emphasizes the hedonic aspects of eating, is also poorly integrated into the homeostatic and ecological models. The general goal of the proposed studies is to combine these areas of investigation, by asking whether psychobiological controls of food intake already identified in free-feeding animals have the same effects when ecological constraints also operate. The specific aims are to compare the responsiveness of foraging and free-feeding animals to a variety of previously identified internal and external signals that initiate meals and cues that maintain feeding, and to compare their ability to adjust protein intake in response to internal changes in nutritional state. Foraging animals' regulation of food intake suggests that the animals' responsiveness to internal signals for meal initiation and termination is modified by the external demand of meal cost. As the cost of obtaining meals increases, foragers eat fewer meals per day and increase average meal size, keeping total intake constant over a range of food-access costs. The proposed studies will combine several well-developed technologies. In the laboratory simulation of foraging, animals will be required to work for access to meals and their behavior will be compared to that of animals given free access to meals. Intragastric infusion techniques will allow the separation of oral and postingestive stimuli for the study of palatability, nutrient density and quality. The examination of physiological signals will make use of on-line blood glucose recording and automated infusions of cholecystokinin, so that freely behaving animals can be studied with minimal disturbance by handling. Exteroceptive stimuli will be used to elicit conditioned meal initiation and to signal impending food restriction. Computerized data collection and control will allow the continuous monitoring of all foraging and feeding behavior. This research, which involves the fields of psychology, biology and nutrition, will provide new information on the interaction of internal physiological cues and external environmental cues in the control of caloric intake and nutrient selection under free-feeding and simulated foraging conditions.

本申请中提出的研究旨在弥合这一差距 在动物摄食行为的两种一般方法之间。这个 动态平衡方法强调动物对各种 内部线索，而生态方法则寻求解释 动物在外部因素中的摄食模式，如觅食 成本和食物可获得性。因为这些模型是由和开发的 在很大程度上仍被隔离在不同的科学学科中，很少 已知生理和环境之间的相互作用 摄食行为的决定因素。第三种方法，强调 享乐主义方面的饮食，也很难融入体内平衡 和生态模型。拟议研究的总体目标是 将这些调查领域结合起来，询问心理生物学 在自由喂养的动物中已经确定了食物摄入量的控制 当生态约束也起作用时，也会产生同样的影响。具体的 目的是比较觅食和自由进食的响应性 动物到各种先前确定的内部和外部 启动进食的信号和保持进食的信号，并 比较他们调整蛋白质摄入量的能力，以响应体内 营养状态的变化。饲用动物对食物的调节 摄入量表明动物对内部信号的反应 用餐的开始和结束受到外部需求的影响 餐费。随着获得食物的成本增加，觅食者吃得更少 每天进餐，增加平均进食量，保持总摄入量 在一系列食品获取成本上保持不变。 拟议的研究将结合几项成熟的技术。 在实验室模拟觅食时，动物将被要求 为获得食物而工作，他们的行为将与 动物可以免费进餐。胃内输液技术 将允许分离研究的口服和进食后刺激 适口性、营养密度和品质。对…的考试 生理信号将利用在线血糖记录 以及自动输注缩胆囊素，这样可以自由活动 通过搬运，可以在最小的干扰下研究动物。 外感刺激将被用来诱导条件性进餐开始 并发出即将实施的食物限制的信号。计算机化数据收集 而控制将允许对所有 觅食和取食行为。 这项研究涉及心理学、生物学和 营养，将提供关于内部相互作用的新信息 生理线索和外部环境线索在控制中的作用 自由喂养和模拟条件下的热量摄入和营养选择 觅食条件。