CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MINING

与采矿相关的化学环境问题

• 批准号: 3104539
• 负责人: Ruth E Billings
• 金额: $ 57.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-01 至 1995-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3104539
• 关键词: cyanides; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; mercury; minings; water pollution

This program will focus on the most common chemical contaminants which results, or have resulted from mining of gold and silver in the desert environment of the Western United States. The program consists of six projects. In two of these projects cyanide (CN) will be studied because this toxic chemical is the most common chemical used today for the extraction of low-grade ores. Historically, gold and silver were commonly extracted using a mercury (Hg) amalgamation process which released large amounts of mercury into the environment. Six of the projects will study various aspects of Hg contamination/biomedical effects and will focus on one site, the Carson River Superfund Site (CRSS) in Northern Nevada. In this arid environment, selenium (Se) is naturally present in high concentration, and its intervention with Hg will also be investigated, especially as it relates to reproductive effects. The program includes 3 laboratory animal study (Hg); an ecology project (Hg/Se); a hydrogeology project (Hg); an atmospheric transport project (Hg); and an environmental chemistry project (CN). The latter 3 projects provide essential site and chemical characterization information to the biomedical projects. Considerable emphasis is placed on avian species, in addition to mammalian toxicity and human health effects, because migratory birds in this area are adversely affected by both CN and Hg waste. Two of the biomedical projects are intimately linked by a focus on oxidant-induced cellular damage, since both Hg and Cn damage mitochondria and may increase formation of reactive oxygen species. It is expected that the information obtained in this program will help to determine the threat to human health and ecological systems, particularly birds, from toxic mining waste. Furthermore, the geological and atmospheric transport studies will provide unique, predictive models which will be invaluable in assessing remedial action at the Carson River Site and will advance our basic understanding of the processes by which these toxins spread through our environment.

该计划将重点关注最常见的化学污染物， 在沙漠中开采黄金和银的结果 美国西部的环境。 该计划包括六个 项目 其中两个项目将研究氰化物， 这种有毒的化学物质是目前最常用的化学物质， 低品位矿石的开采。 历史上，黄金和银通常 使用汞齐化工艺提取， 大量的汞进入环境。 其中六个项目将研究 汞污染/生物医学影响的各个方面，并将重点关注 一个是位于内华达州北方的卡森河超级基金基地（CRSS）。 在 在这种干旱的环境中，硒（Se）天然存在于高浓度的 还将研究汞的浓度及其对汞的干预作用， 特别是当它与生殖影响有关时。 该计划包括3 实验动物研究（Hg）;生态学项目（Hg/Se）;水文地质学项目 大气迁移项目（Hg）;环境保护项目（Hg） 化学项目（CN）。 后3个项目提供基本场地， 生物医学项目的化学表征信息。 除了哺乳动物外， 毒性和人类健康的影响，因为这一地区的候鸟是 受到氯化萘和汞废物的不利影响。 两个生物医学项目 与氧化剂诱导的细胞损伤密切相关，因为 Hg和Cn都损伤线粒体，并可能增加反应性 氧物种。 预计本报告中获得的信息 该计划将有助于确定对人类健康和生态的威胁 生态系统，特别是鸟类，从有毒的采矿废物。 而且 地质和大气传输研究将提供独特的， 预测模型，这将是非常宝贵的评估补救行动， 卡森河遗址，并将促进我们对 这些毒素在我们的环境中传播的过程。