IDENTIFICATION & INFERENCE IN DISPOSITIONAL JUDGEMENT

鉴别

• 批准号: 3385368
• 负责人: YAACOV TROPE
• 金额: $ 13.37万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-04-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3385368
• 关键词: human subject; instinct; judgment; psychological identification; self concept; self help; social behavior; social group process; social perception

A major cause of errors in person perception is identification-inference nonindependence, that is, the use of the same sources of information to identify behavior and to make further inferences about its causes. The present research will investigate the antecedents and consequences of identification-inference nonindependence in judgements about personal dispositions. In this domain, nonindependence occurs to the extent that information about situational pressures and prior beliefs about the target's personality (priors) affect both identification of the behavior and inferences about the target's personality. Nonindependence can produce systematic biases. In particular, nonindependence augments perceiver's reliance on their prior beliefs about the target person and undermines proper utilization of information about situational pressures. The proposed research will investigate nonindependence in both self perception and other perception. The self perception studies will investigate how placebo treatments affect identification of psychological symptoms and inferences regarding the underlying psychopathology. The other perception studies will study identification and inferential effects of stereotype- based expectancies and information about situational pressures (e.g., group pressure). Together, the proposed studies should increase our understanding of how low-level identification processes and high-level inference processes contribute to biased and unbiased judgements about our own and others' personal dispositions.

认知错误的一个主要原因是认同推理 非独立性，即使用相同的信息来源， 识别行为并进一步推断其原因。 的 本研究将调查的前因和后果， 个人判断中的认同推理非独立性 性格 在这个域中，非独立性发生到以下程度： 关于情境压力和先前信念的信息 目标的个性（先验）影响行为的认同 以及对目标人格的推断 非独立性可以产生 系统性偏差 特别是，非独立性增强了感知者的 依赖于他们对目标人物的先前信念， 正确利用有关情境压力的信息。 的 拟议的研究将调查不独立的自我知觉， 和其他感知。 自我知觉研究将探讨如何 安慰剂治疗影响心理症状的识别， 关于潜在精神病理学的推论 另一种看法 研究将研究刻板印象的识别和推理效果- 基于期望和关于情境压力的信息（例如，组 压力）。 总之，拟议的研究应该增加我们的 了解低级别识别流程和高级别 推理过程有助于对我们的偏见和公正的判断， 自己和他人的个人倾向。