NEUROLOGIC & COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF CALLOSOTOMY PATIENTS

神经科

• 批准号: 2269370
• 负责人: MICHAEL S GAZZANIGA
• 金额: $ 13.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1996-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2269370
• 关键词: attention; brain interhemispheric activity; cerebral cortex; corpus callosums; electrophysiology; emotions; evoked potentials; form /pattern perception; human subject; language; language disorders; memory; motion perception; neuropsychology; perception; perception disorder; postoperative state; preoperative state; problem solving; reading disorder; space perception; speech; speech disorders; split brain; vision; visual depth perception

Partial and complete disconnection of the human corpus callosum to treat intractable epilepsy has made possible the separate testing of each cerebral hemisphere without direct influence from the other. It has also made possible examining cortical versus subcortical processes active in interhemispheric integration of both simple and complex attentive, perceptual and cognitive processes. While the left hemisphere dominates for language and problem solving capacities, the minor right hemisphere is frequently superior at carrying out spatial, attentional, emotional and some perceptual processes. These data collected over the last 30 years have allowed for a theoretical characterization of human cortical function into sub-processes or modules. The modular concept argues there are many specific perceptual and cognitive capacities that have evolved to support human cognition and that these may correspond to definable anatomical entities. At the same time this framework has many important caveats, and intense experimentation is needed to resolve a variety of important issues. Among these issues are the following: 1) Assessment of the extent and variations seen in right hemisphere language by examining split-brain patients in an effort to clarify the respective roles of the two hemispheres in normal language processes (modular distribution). 2) Examination of the interaction and independence of the two disconnected hemispheres in perception and attention processes, with an emphasis on determining the exact capacity and extent of subcortical interactions that are possible following callosal disconnection (modular capacity). 3) Determination of the upper limits of perceptual capacities if the isolated right hemisphere, now made possible by our new ability to present prolonged lateralized stimuli using retinal-image stabilization; initial exploration of complex perceptual phenomena that may or may not require interhemispheric cortical communication (modular interaction). 4) Exploration of the emotional and memory functions of the two hemispheres via studies conducted in our new visiting scientist program. A variety of behavioral, psychophysical, and electrophysiological (ERP) methods will be employed to characterize the possible modular organization of human cognitive processes in patients who have undergone callosal surgery. Examination of both pre- and post- operative perceptual and cognitive capacities will also illuminate the role normal interhemispheric interactions might play in allowing for mental processes believed to be the specialized activities of one hemisphere.

部分和完全切断人类胼胝体， 治疗顽固性癫痫已经使单独测试成为可能， 两个大脑半球之间没有直接的相互影响。 它 也使得检查皮质和皮质下的突起成为可能 活跃于简单和复杂的半球间整合 注意力、知觉和认知过程。 而左 大脑半球在语言和解决问题的能力上占主导地位， 小右半球在执行空间任务时经常处于上级， 注意力、情绪和一些知觉过程。 这些数据 在过去30年里收集的数据， 将人类皮层功能表征为子过程，或 模块。 模块化概念认为，有许多特定的感知 和认知能力的进化来支持人类的认知 并且这些可以对应于可定义的解剖实体。 在 同时，这个框架有许多重要的警告， 需要进行实验来解决各种重要问题。 这些问题包括： 1)评估右半球中观察到的程度和变化 语言通过检查裂脑患者，以澄清 两个半球在正常语言过程中的各自作用 （模块化分布）。 2)审查两者的相互作用和独立性 在知觉和注意力过程中断开的半球， 强调确定皮质下的确切容量和范围 胼胝体分离后可能发生的相互作用 （模块化能力）。 3)确定感知能力的上限，如果 孤立的右半球，现在我们的新能力， 使用视网膜图像呈现延长的偏侧刺激 稳定;对复杂感知现象的初步探索， 可能需要或可能不需要半球间皮质通信（模块化 互动）。 4)探索两者的情感和记忆功能 通过我们新的访问科学家进行的研究 程序. 各种行为、心理物理和电生理（ERP） 方法将被用来表征可能的模块化 组织人类认知过程的患者， 接受了胼胝体手术。 检查前和后， 操作知觉和认知能力也将阐明 正常的大脑半球间的相互作用可能在允许 心理活动被认为是一个人的专门活动的心理过程 半球