BASAL GANGLIA AND CEREBELLAR INPUTS TO PREFRONTAL CORTEX

众所周知，基底神经节和小脑接收来自 大脑皮层的广泛区域，例如前额叶， 后顶叶和颞叶。根据一种观点，这些 输入被整合到基底神经节和小脑中，并被定向 到初级运动皮层或其他皮层运动区域，用于 运动的控制。然而，亚历山大、德隆和斯特里克 (1986) Leiner、Leiner 和 Dow (1991, 1993) 提出，重要的是 基底神经节和小脑的部分输出目标是 他们接收输入的额叶相同区域。因此， 根据该方案，可能存在多个非电机“回路” 存在于前额皮质与基底神经节和小脑之间。 尽管缺乏直接的解剖学证据证明其存在 对于这样的循环，有很多关于它们在许多方面的作用的建议 神经和精神疾病。提议的实验是 旨在检查前额叶环路的可能存在和 基底神经节和小脑在认知中的潜在作用 功能。首先，将确定基底神经节和 小脑与前额叶区域有解剖学联系 已知参与认知功能的皮质。其次， 这些途径彼此之间以及彼此之间的分离程度 先前描述的涉及运动功能的途径将 被确定。为了解决这些问题，逆行跨神经元 与 1 型单纯疱疹病毒 McIntyre-B 株一起运输 用于宿务猴。该技术将能够直接 观察基底神经节和小脑中的任何通路 指向不同的前额叶区域。

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are known to receive inputs from widespread regions of the cerebral cortex, such as the prefrontal, posterior parietal, and temporal lobes. According to one viewpoint, these inputs are integrated in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, and directed to the primary motor cortex, or other cortical motor areas, for use in the control of movement. However, Alexander, Delong, and Strick (1986) and Leiner, Leiner, and Dow (1991, 1993), proposed that significant portions of the output from the basal ganglia and cerebellum target the same regions of the frontal lobe which they receive input from. Thus, according to this scheme, it is possible that several non-motor "loops" exist between the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Despite the absence of direct anatomical evidence for the existence of such loops, there have been many suggestions about their role in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The proposed experiments are designed to examine the possible existence of the prefrontal loops and the potential role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in cognitive function. First, it will be determined if the basal ganglia and cerebellum have anatomical connections with regions of the prefrontal cortex that are known to be involved in cognitive function. Second, the degree of separation of these pathways from each other and from previously-described pathways that are involved in motor functions will be determined. To address these issues, retrograde transneuronal transport with the McIntyre-B strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 will be used in cebus monkeys. This technique will enable the direct observation of any pathways in the basal ganglia and cerebellum which are directed to the different prefrontal regions.