ORGANIZATION OF A SIMPLE SYNERGY

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)： 这个项目是为了增进我们对协同的概念的理解 克服臭名昭著的冗余的基本机制 用于产生随意动作的神经肌肉系统。他们使用 平衡点假设的框架，将其推广到 多关节运动，并建议控制之间的明确关系 变量以单个关节为基础，进行简单的协同。这 定义引出了一系列可以反驳的具体假说 待解决的问题。以前的工作分析了机器人的运动学和肌电模式。 协同效应。为了进行下一步，他们计划使用之前的结果 涉及一种重建假设的方法的研究 单关节运动中的控制模式和建议模型 基于控制信号和实际关节的肌电模式预测 运动学。他们计划重建假想的控制模式 每个关节在各种条件下使用二阶关节模型和 逆动力学。然后，重建的图案将用于计算 并将其与实验观察结果进行比较。他们 计划将这些方法应用于单向自愿运动 在各种实验条件和不同的说明下， 需要应用等轴向力的运动任务 涉及到意外改变的加载条件，并涉及到整臂 涉及所有三个主要关节的运动。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): The primary thrust of this project is to advance our understanding of the notion of synergy as the basic mechanism for overcoming the notorious redundancy of the neuro-muscular system for production of voluntary movements. They use the framework of the equilibrium-point hypothesis, to generalize it for multi-joint movements, and to suggest an explicit relation among control variables to individual joints as the basis for a simple synergy. This definition leads to a number of refutable specific hypotheses that are going to be addressed. Previous work analyzed kinematics and EMG patterns of the synergy. To make the next step, they plan to use the results of earlier studies which involved a method for the reconstruction of the hypothetical control patterns during single-joint movements and suggest a model predicting the EMG patterns based on the control signals and actual joint kinematics. They plan to reconstruct the hypothetical control patterns for each joint in a variety of conditions using a second-order joint model and inverse dynamics. Reconstructed patterns will then be used for calculations of EMG patterns which will be compared to experimental observations. They plan to apply these methods to unidirectional voluntary movements in a variety of experimental conditions and under different instructions, to motor tasks requiring application of isometric force, to motor tasks involving unexpectedly changed loading conditions, and to whole-arm movements involving all three major joints.