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LANGUAGE AND ACQUIRING KIND CONCEPTS AND INFANCY

语言和获得善意的概念以及婴儿期

基本信息

批准号：
2724253
负责人：
Fei Xu
金额：
$ 3.9万
依托单位：
NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1998-09-30 至 2000-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2724253
关键词：
behavioral /social science research tag behavioral habituation /sensitization clinical research cognition concept developmental psychology human subject infant human (0-1 year) language development verbal learning visual perception

项目摘要

This proposal explores the relation between learning natural language terms such as "dog," "cup," and "ball," and acquiring kind concepts which underlie these lexical items. Kind concepts are among the most basic categorical distinctions adults make and words for object categories are among children's first words, thus through this project we address the fundamental question of the relation between language and thought at the onset of language acquisition. Specifically the proposed study explores the possibility that learning words such as "cup" may play a role in helping infants acquire concepts such as cup. The experiments use a standard infant habituation-dishabituation paradigm and measure infants' looking times as the basis of inferring the infants' representations. In an object individuation task in which infants are asked to infer two distinct objects after being shown one object at a time, e.g., a ball emerges from behind a screen then returns, followed by a cup emerging from behind the same screen then returning. When the screen is removed after familiarization, the infants are then shown the expected outcome of a cup and a ball or the unexpected outcome of only the cup or only the ball. For some conditions, labels were provided during the experiment to see if they would allow the infant to succeed at this task earlier than previously thought. The long term goal of the project is to systematically address the question whether acquiring count nouns can facilitate categorization in human infants and whether language is necessary for acquiring kind concepts. The proposed study will provide very valuable preliminary data for a full grant proposal to be submitted to NIH in the near future.

这个建议探讨了学习自然语言诸如“狗”、“杯”和“球”等术语，以及获得善良的概念这些词汇的基础。善良的概念是最成人的基本范畴区分和宾语词类别是孩子们的第一个单词，因此通过这个项目，我们要解决语言与语言之间关系的基本问题，语言习得初期的思维方式具体而言，一项研究探讨了学习像“杯子”这样的单词可能会在帮助婴儿获得杯子等概念方面发挥作用。的实验使用标准的婴儿习惯-不习惯范式并测量婴儿的注视时间作为推断婴儿的表征。在对象个性化任务中，婴儿被要求推断两个不同的物体后，显示一个对象，例如，一个球从屏幕后面出现，返回，随后一个杯子从同一个屏幕后面出现，回来了当屏幕在熟悉之后被移除时，然后向婴儿展示一个杯子和一个球的预期结果，只有杯子或只有球的意外结果。对于一些条件下，在实验期间提供标签，以查看它们是否会让婴儿比以前更早地完成这项任务想的该项目的长期目标是系统地解决学习可数名词是否有助于分类以及语言是否是获得善良的必要条件理念的这项研究将提供非常有价值的初步资料。一个完整的赠款提案的数据将提交给国家卫生研究院在不久的将来，未来