TOBACCO ADDICTION AND CESSATION ACROSS THE LIFESPAN

申请人摘要 该项目将研究烟草成瘾如何影响一组 吸烟者的一生 调查人员将分析现有的 标准老化研究（NAS）收集了2，280名男性的数据集， 1961. 在持续时间方面，只有英国医生的学习时间更长 随访期。 国家科学院系统地（每3-5年）收集了 最详细的生物医学和社会心理学数据。 包括有关吸烟状况的信息（例如，吸烟量，年 吸烟），病史和牙科史（例如，血压，胆固醇， 牙周状况，死亡原因），心理社会测量（例如， 压力，生活质量）和健康相关行为（例如，醇 消费，饮食）。 重复评估吸烟状况和其他风险 这些因素将使调查人员避免错误分类的问题 偏倚和混杂偏倚存在于许多先前的研究中。 中心主题涉及审查发生的结果， 吸烟者随着时间的推移。 他们将主要集中在解决 这些问题以前没有详细研究过。 他们会：a） 通过计算每年的戒烟次数来描述吸烟的自然史 过去30年的增长率，确定预测增长率的变量和事件， 停止，检查是否有变化的水平， 继续吸烟者的消费量，以及吸烟者的特征， 无法戒烟; B）调查吸烟对疾病的影响 研究吸烟对总体死亡率的影响， 特定疾病的死亡率和发病率。 调查人员将重点关注 一些鲜为人知的问题，如吸烟对糖尿病的影响， 良性前列腺增生（BPH）、骨关节炎、阳痿和口腔 健康 他们还将研究为什么吸烟者没有从社会中受益 （c）审查过去20年来在健康方面取得的进展; 戒烟对健康的影响，如冠心病， 生活质量 此外，戒烟后长期体重增加 将对其进行评估，并确定其对健康的影响。 结果将：1）告知公共卫生服务部门有关进展情况 在过去30年中对吸烟进行了研究; 2）建议需要的治疗方法 对于某些类型的吸烟者（例如，那些体重大幅增加的人 戒烟后，那些拒绝呼吁戒烟的人 （3）提供有关吸烟和吸烟影响的新信息 停止健康。 这些信息可能会促使许多目前的吸烟者 退出; 4）产生关于发病机制的假设 医疗状况（例如，而对于这一点，人们所知甚少。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT This project will examine how tobacco addiction has influenced a cohort of smokers over their lifetimes. The investigators will analyze an existing data set collected by the Normative Aging Study (NAS) on 2,280 males since 1961. In terms of duration, only the study of British doctors has a longer follow-up period. The NAS has systematically (each 3-5 years) collected among the most detailed biomedical and psychosocial data available. Included is information on smoking status (e.g., amount smoked, years smoked), medical and dental histories (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol, periodontal condition, causes of death), psychosocial measures (e.g., stress, quality of life) and health-related behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption, diet). Repeated assessments of smoking status and other risk factors will allow the investigators to avoid problems of misclassification bias and confounding bias present in many previous studies. The central theme involves examining the outcomes which occur to individual smokers over time. They will concentrate primarily on addressing issues which have not been studied in detail previously. They will: a) Characterize the natural history of smoking, by calculating yearly quit rates over the past 30 years, identifying variables and events that predict cessation, examining whether there have been changes in levels of consumption among continuing smokers, and the characteristics of smokers who have been unable to quit; b) Investigate the effects of smoking on disease and death, by examining smoking effects on overall mortality, and disease-specific mortality and morbidity. The investigators will focus on issues about which little is known, such as smoking effects on diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), osteoarthritis, impotence, and oral health. They will also study why smokers have not benefitted from societal improvements in health noted in the past 20 years; c) Examine the effects of smoking cessation on health outcomes such as coronary heart disease and quality of life. In addition, long-term weight gain after smoking cessation will be assessed and its impact on health determined. Results will: 1) inform the Public Health Service concerning progress made regarding smoking in the past 30 years; 2) suggest treatments needed for certain types of smokers (e.g., those experiencing large weight gains after cessation, those who resisted appeals to quit smoking for the past three decades); 3) provide new information on effects of smoking and smoking cessation on health. Such information may motivate many current smokers to quit; 4) generate hypotheses concerning mechanisms related to the onset of medical conditions (e.g., BPH) about which little is known.