TOBACCO ADDICTION AND CESSATION ACROSS THE LIFESPAN

申请人摘要 这个项目将研究烟草成瘾是如何影响一群 吸烟者一生中。调查人员将分析现有的 标准老龄化研究(NAS)收集了2280名男性的数据集 1961年。就持续时间而言，只有英国医生的研究有更长的时间 随访期。NAS系统地(每3-5年)收集 在现有的最详细的生物医学和心理社会数据中。 包括有关吸烟状况的信息(例如，吸烟量、年限 吸烟)、医疗和牙科病史(例如，血压、胆固醇、 牙周状况、死因)、心理社会措施(例如， 压力、生活质量)和与健康有关的行为(例如，酒精 消费、饮食)。反复评估吸烟状况和其他风险 这些因素将使调查人员能够避免错误分类的问题 偏见和混杂偏见存在于许多先前的研究中。 中心主题涉及检查以下方面发生的结果 随着时间的推移，个人吸烟者。他们将主要专注于解决 以前没有详细研究过的问题。他们将：a) 通过计算每年的戒烟量来描述吸烟的自然历史 过去30年的利率，确定预测的变量和事件 停止，检查是否有水平的变化 持续吸烟者的消费，以及吸烟者的特征 无法戒烟；b)调查吸烟对疾病的影响 通过检查吸烟对总体死亡率的影响，以及 疾病特有的死亡率和发病率。调查人员将专注于 一些鲜为人知的问题，比如吸烟对糖尿病的影响， 良性前列腺增生症(BPH)、骨关节炎、阳萎和口腔 健康。他们还将研究为什么吸烟者没有从社会福利中受益 在过去20年中注意到的健康方面的改善；c)审查 戒烟对健康的影响，如冠心病和 生活质量。此外，戒烟后的长期体重增加 将对其进行评估并确定其对健康的影响。 结果将：1)向公共卫生服务部门通报进展情况 关于过去30年吸烟的建议；2)建议需要治疗 针对某些类型的吸烟者(例如，体重大幅增加的吸烟者 戒烟后，那些拒绝呼吁戒烟的人就像过去一样 30年)；3)提供有关吸烟和吸烟影响的新信息 停止健康。这样的信息可能会激励许多现在的吸烟者 戒烟；4)产生与发病相关的机制假说 对一些知之甚少的疾病(如良性前列腺增生症)。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT This project will examine how tobacco addiction has influenced a cohort of smokers over their lifetimes. The investigators will analyze an existing data set collected by the Normative Aging Study (NAS) on 2,280 males since 1961. In terms of duration, only the study of British doctors has a longer follow-up period. The NAS has systematically (each 3-5 years) collected among the most detailed biomedical and psychosocial data available. Included is information on smoking status (e.g., amount smoked, years smoked), medical and dental histories (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol, periodontal condition, causes of death), psychosocial measures (e.g., stress, quality of life) and health-related behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption, diet). Repeated assessments of smoking status and other risk factors will allow the investigators to avoid problems of misclassification bias and confounding bias present in many previous studies. The central theme involves examining the outcomes which occur to individual smokers over time. They will concentrate primarily on addressing issues which have not been studied in detail previously. They will: a) Characterize the natural history of smoking, by calculating yearly quit rates over the past 30 years, identifying variables and events that predict cessation, examining whether there have been changes in levels of consumption among continuing smokers, and the characteristics of smokers who have been unable to quit; b) Investigate the effects of smoking on disease and death, by examining smoking effects on overall mortality, and disease-specific mortality and morbidity. The investigators will focus on issues about which little is known, such as smoking effects on diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), osteoarthritis, impotence, and oral health. They will also study why smokers have not benefitted from societal improvements in health noted in the past 20 years; c) Examine the effects of smoking cessation on health outcomes such as coronary heart disease and quality of life. In addition, long-term weight gain after smoking cessation will be assessed and its impact on health determined. Results will: 1) inform the Public Health Service concerning progress made regarding smoking in the past 30 years; 2) suggest treatments needed for certain types of smokers (e.g., those experiencing large weight gains after cessation, those who resisted appeals to quit smoking for the past three decades); 3) provide new information on effects of smoking and smoking cessation on health. Such information may motivate many current smokers to quit; 4) generate hypotheses concerning mechanisms related to the onset of medical conditions (e.g., BPH) about which little is known.