BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION OF CU AND CR IN CRAYFISH TISSUES

铜和铬在小龙虾组织中的生物富集和生物放大作用

• 批准号: 6239926
• 负责人: SYED M NAQVI
• 金额: $ 7.27万
• 依托单位: SOUTHERN UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-01-01 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6239926
• 关键词: alternatives to animals in research; animal mortality; aquatic biology; atomic absorption spectrometry; chromium; clearance rate; computer data analysis; copper; crayfish; environmental toxicology; food chain contamination; juvenile animal; mature animal; metal poisoning; water pollution

There is an overwhelming evidence in the literature that heavy metals in general and mercury, chromium and copper in particular pose a great hazard to the environment, including man. The human health concern for these metals can hardly be overemphasized. Long term exposure to water and food-chain can ultimately result in bioaccumulation of carcinogenic (chromium) and extremely toxic (mercury and copper) metals in the tissues of crayfish and be passed on to humans who are primary consumers. The two major objectives of this study are: (1) to investigate the bioaccumulative potential of these metals in crayfish tissues (lab. exposed) and those collected in the field, and (2) to assess the acute and chronic toxicities of these metals to crayfish populations. The first objective will be achieved by sublethally exposing the adult crayfish to each metal compound for a period of 12 weeks and analyzing their tissues by AAS to determine their uptake. The same number of crayfish (pre- exposed to each metal for 12 wks) continuously will be transferred to uncontaminated water and the depuration of these metals will be measured similarly for the next 12 wks. Water samples from containers of the depurating crayfish will also be analyzed by AAS to determine the amount of metals released into the uncontaminated water. This will provide us precisely the data for uptake and depuration phases. Crayfish from bayous alongside major highways of Louisiana will be analyzed to determine the whole-body burden of these toxicant. Acute toxicities to juvenile crayfish will be determined through 96-h static bioassays and the establishment of LC50 values. LC0 and LC99 will be determined for adult crayfish, using a computerized probit analysis program, which also gives the upper and lover lethal concentrations. Chronic toxicities will be determined by: (1) sublethally exposing newly-born crayfish (0.8-lcm length) for 16 wks and measuring the growth-rate in comparison to controls, (2) measuring the fecundity of females pre-exposed to sub-lethal concentrations before mating till the eggs are laid, (3) assessing the hatchability of treated vs. untreated, (4) observing any discernible behavioral change during the exposure of growth-period. Additionally the possible teratogenic affects of each metal will be determined by microscopic examination of eggs, embryos and newly hatched Louisiana crayfish. Procambarus clarkii Girard.

在文献中有压倒性的证据表明， 一般来说，汞、铬和铜特别构成了一个巨大的 对环境，包括人类的危害。 这些金属怎么强调也不过分。长期接触水 食物链中致癌物质的生物累积 （铬）和剧毒（汞和铜）金属 并将其传递给作为主要消费者的人类。两 本研究的主要目的是：（1）调查 这些金属在小龙虾组织中的生物累积潜力（实验室， 暴露）和在现场收集的，以及（2）评估急性 以及这些金属对小龙虾种群的慢性毒性。第一 将成年小龙虾暴露于亚致死的环境中， 每种金属化合物12周，并分析它们的组织 通过AAS测定其摄取量。同样数量的小龙虾（前 暴露于每种金属12周）将被连续转移到 未受污染的水和这些金属的净化将被测量 在接下来的12周中，同样进行。 净化后的小龙虾也将通过原子吸收光谱法进行分析，以确定 释放到未受污染的水中。这将为我们提供 准确地说是摄取和净化阶段的数据。来自Bayous的小龙虾 路易斯安那州的主要高速公路旁将进行分析，以确定 这些有毒物质的全身负荷。对青少年的急性毒性 小龙虾将通过96小时静态生物测定来确定， LC 50值的确定。将确定成人的LC 0和LC 99 小龙虾，使用计算机化的概率分析程序，这也给出了 致死浓度上限和下限。慢性毒性将是 测定方法：（1）新生小龙虾（0.8- 1cm）亚致死暴露 长度）持续16周，并测量与 对照，（2）测量预先暴露于 交配前直至产卵的亚致死浓度，（3） 评估处理的与未处理的孵化率，（4）观察任何 在生长期暴露过程中可辨别的行为变化。 此外，每种金属可能的致畸作用将是 通过对卵、胚胎和新孵化的卵进行显微镜检查确定 路易斯安那小龙虾。克氏原螯虾吉拉德。