GENETICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SANDFLY DISEASE VECTORS

白蛉病媒的遗传学和生物地理学

• 批准号: 2695715
• 负责人: Leonard E Munstermann
• 金额: $ 26.74万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2695715
• 关键词: Diptera; Psychodidae; animal population genetics; biomarker; chemical fingerprinting; communicable disease transmission; cytogenetics; disease vectors; evolution; fertility; field study; gel electrophoresis; genetic polymorphism; geographic site; hamsters; laboratory mouse; leishmaniasis; linkage mapping; parasitic diseases; polymerase chain reaction; species difference; virus diseases

The objective of this project is to continue the study of the genetics and biogeography of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Little is known about the genetics and the parameters that define the geographical boundaries of this important insect group, members of which serve as vectors of bartonellosis, a number of arboviral diseases and leishmaniasis. Studies will focus on field and laboratory studies of Lutzomyia longipalpis and L. shannoni, two sand fly species that have been implicated as vectors of leishmaniasis and have a very wide range of distribution in the Americas. Biochemical genetic profiles established for geographic strains of L. longipalpis, a species closely associated with human habitation, have identified distinctive populations that occur in regions of high endemic transmission or where unique clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis have appeared. Characterization of these populations will take 3 forms: (1) a transect between genetically distinct populations will show the pattern of change in biochemical signature (abrupt or gradual), (2) infectivity and clinical progress by the parasite, Leishmania chagasi, in vertebrate host tissues will be compared among genetically/geographically defined strains of the vector, and (3) characterization of geographic parameters that are associated with the distribution of genetically distinctive vector populations. Lutzomyia shannoni is a forest species, a cryptic species complex, and a species associated with arrays of other sand flies across its geographic range. Its genotypic variability, the relationships among members of its species group, and clines of species associations will be characterized in selected areas. Collection, identification, establishing biochemical profiles and vector roles will involve the cooperative efforts of scientists at Yale University and the Instituto Nacional de Salud at Bogota, Colombia; in addition, sand fly specialists in the U.S. and Latin America, particularly in Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Costa Rica will assist in the collection of flies and field data.

该项目的目标是继续遗传学研究 和白蛉的生物地理学（双翅目：Psychodidae）。 关于遗传学和定义的参数知之甚少 这一重要昆虫类群的地理边界，其成员 作为巴尔通体病、许多虫媒病毒病和 利什曼病。研究将集中于实地和实验室研究 Lutzomyia longipalpis 和 L. shannoni，两种白蛉物种，具有 被认为是利什曼病的媒介并且具有非常广泛的范围 美洲的分布。 生化遗传图谱 为 L. longipalpis 的地理品系建立，该物种与 与人类居住有关，已确定了独特的 出现在高流行传播地区或地方的人群 内脏利什曼病出现了独特的临床形式。 这些种群的表征将采取 3 种形式：(1) 样线 基因不同的种群之间将显示出变化的模式 生化特征（突然或渐进），（2）传染性和 脊椎动物寄生虫恰加斯利什曼原虫的临床进展 宿主组织将在遗传/地理定义之间进行比较 向量的应变，以及 (3) 地理参数的表征 与遗传特征的分布有关 向量群体。 Lutzomyia shannoni 是一种森林物种，一种神秘的 物种复合体，以及与其他沙子阵列相关的物种 飞越其地理范围。 其基因型变异性， 其物种组成员之间的关系以及物种的谱系 协会将在选定的领域具有特色。 收藏， 鉴定、建立生化特征和载体作用将 涉及耶鲁大学和美国科学家的合作努力 哥伦比亚波哥大国家健康研究所；此外，沙蝇 美国和拉丁美洲，特别是巴西的专家， 哥伦比亚、巴拿马和哥斯达黎加将协助收集苍蝇 和现场数据。