ITEM ASSOCIATIVE/CONTEXUAL INFORMATION IN MEMORY

这项研究侧重于基本的神经和认知过程。 与从人类获取和检索信息有关 记忆。具体来说，要求主体形成不同的类型 成对单词或成对图片之间的关联 物体。后来，他们被呈现给他们同样的刺激加上 之前没有看到的刺激，并且对于这些刺激中的每一个，被要求 判断测试刺激是否在早些时候提出。在……里面 不同的实验，这些测试刺激可以是单独的单词或 图片成对的单词/图片按原顺序排列，成对的 不同顺序的单词/图片等。在编码和 测试阶段，受试者大脑的电活动将 由事件相关电位(ERP)技术使用 128个电极的阵列。这将产生详细的毫秒到 形成联想时大脑活动的毫秒记录 并从存储器中检索得到的信息。在……里面 此外，密集的电极阵列将产生详细的 关于大脑区域的空间/地形信息 都牵涉其中。这个时间和空间的ERP证据将会是 结合每个受试者头部的结构信息 使用一种新的方法获取事件相关电位来源的MRI扫描结果 定位，由此使用MRI图像构建 研究对象头部的数学模型。然后使用该模型 来引导一个搜索 大脑中最适合的ERP来源配置。这些 然后在核磁共振上标明来源。这种方法应该会使 有可能定位对应于大脑信号的 关联和后续记忆的形成/编码 检索单个项目以及这些项目之间的关联。 这项研究的重要意义不仅在于它的基础价值 研究记忆的认知神经科学，也是为了 它对记忆障碍的洞察可能涉及到 老年性健忘症与颞叶失忆症 大脑的损伤。这是因为老年人经常 在“绑定”或联想不同的记忆方面有困难 情况的方方面面，而赦免往往不分青红皂白 过度联想。

This research focuses on basic neural and cognitive processes related to the acquisition and retrieval of information from human memory. Specifically, subjects are required to form different types of associations between pairs of words or pairs of pictures of objects. Later, they are presented with these same stimuli plus stimuli not seen earlier, and, for each of these stimuli, are asked to judge whether the test stimulus had been presented earlier. In different experiments, these test stimuli may be individual words or pictures pairs of words/pictures in the original order, pairs of words/pictures in different orders, etc. During the encoding and test phases, the electrical activity of subjects' brains will be measured by the event-related potential (ERP) technique using an array of 128 electrodes. This wil yield a detailed millisecond by millisecond record of the brain's activity while forming associations and retrieving the resulting information from memory. IN addition, the dense electrode array will yield detailed spatial/topographic information about the areas of the brain that are involved. This temporal and spatial ERP evidence will then be combined with structural information about each subject's head obtained from an MRI scan using a new approach to ERP source localization whereby the MRI image is used to construct a mathematical model of the subject's head. This model is then used to guide a non-linear estimaiton procedure which searches for the best-fitting configuration of ERP sources in the brain. These sources are then plotted on the MRI. This approach should make it possible to localize brain signals corresponding to the formation/encoding of associations and the subsequent memory retrieval of individual items and associations between these items. This research is of importance not only for its value as basic research into the cognitive neuroscience of memory, but also for the insights it is likely to yield into memory disorders involved in aging and forms of amnesia resulting from temporal-lobe and thelamic brain damage. This follows because the elderly frequently have difficulty in "binding" or associating in memory different aspects of a situation, while amnesics frequently indiscriminately over-associate.