EXPERT SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION AND DEMENTIA

抑郁症和痴呆症的专家系统诊断

• 批准号: 2871178
• 负责人: RODERICK K MAHURIN
• 金额: $ 4.9万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-30 至 1999-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2871178
• 关键词: brain disorder diagnosis; clinical depression; computer assisted diagnosis; computer system design /evaluation; dementia; diagnosis design /evaluation; human data; human old age (65+); language translation; mental disorder diagnosis; psychometrics

Persons aged 65 years or older are the fastest growing portion of the population in the United States. However, there are disproportionately few specialists in geriatric medicine to provide the majority of these individuals with high quality medical care. One solution to this problem is through the development and use of computer-based medical expert systems. Based on techniques of artificial intelligence, such systems have the ability to assist non-specialist clinicians or allied health professionals in the preliminary evaluation and diagnosis of common disorders in the elderly. Depression and dementia are the two most prevalent of such disorders, yet these conditions frequently are misdiagnosed by non-specialist clinicians. Failure to detect or distinguish the two disorders leads to missed treatment opportunities and preventable disability. The proposed project will compare the feasibility, statistical accuracy, and user acceptance of two clinical decision support systems -- a rule-based expert system and a neural network computational classifier - to be used in the evaluation of depression and dementia in the elderly. The user interface for the two systems will be designed and tested to meet usability criteria desired by practicing clinicians, including voice-recognition input, computer- speech output, interactive graphic environments, ranked differential diagnoses, and the ability to explain the system's reasoning, conclusions, and recommendations. The system will include an automatic foreign language translator initially programmed for Spanish, but customizable to other languages. The project will be conducted in four phases: 1) Knowledge Acquisition, 2) Prototype Development, 3) Usability Testing, and 4) System Validation. Specific goals include: 1) efficient implementation of diagnostic rules and criteria obtained from clinician interview and literature review, 2) successful development of a prototype system to meet formalized usability standards, 3) preliminary validation of the system to classify with 90 percent accuracy a large set of existing clinical data obtained from referrals to a medical school geriatric psychiatry clinic, and 4) statistical comparison of the classification accuracy of the prototype expert system with the neural network classifier. The completed expert system will form the foundation for development of future clinical modules applicable to other geriatric disorders. Ultimately, systems developed from this prototype will provide diagnostic and treatment recommendations in medical settings without ready access to clinical specialists, such as in rural health care or under-served urban areas.

65岁或65岁以上的人是人口中增长最快的部分， 美国的人口。 然而，有不成比例的 少数老年医学专家提供了大多数这些 提供高质量的医疗服务。 对此的一个解决方案 问题是通过发展和使用计算机为基础的医疗 专家系统基于人工智能技术， 系统有能力协助非专业临床医生或相关人员 卫生专业人员在初步评估和诊断 老年人的常见疾病。 抑郁症和痴呆症 最普遍的这种疾病，但这些条件往往是 被非专科医生误诊。未能检测或 区分这两种疾病导致错过治疗机会 可预防的残疾。 拟议项目将比较 可行性、统计准确性和用户接受度 决策支持系统--基于规则的专家系统和神经网络 网络计算分类器-用于评估 老年抑郁症和痴呆症。 两个用户界面 系统的设计和测试将满足所需的可用性标准 通过执业临床医生，包括语音识别输入、计算机- 语音输出，交互式图形环境，分级差分 诊断，以及解释系统推理的能力， 结论和建议。该系统将包括一个自动 外语翻译最初为西班牙语编程，但 可定制为其他语言。 该项目将在四个 阶段：1）知识获取，2）原型开发，3）可用性 测试; 4）系统验证。具体目标包括：1）高效 从临床医生处获得诊断规则和标准的实施 访谈和文献综述，2）成功地开发了一个 原型系统，以满足正式的可用性标准，3）初步 系统的验证，以90%的准确率进行分类， 从转诊到医疗机构获得的一组现有临床数据 学校老年精神科诊所，和4）统计比较， 神经网络原型专家系统的分类精度 网络分类器 完成的专家系统将构成 未来临床模块开发的基础，适用于 其他老年疾病。 最终，系统从这个发展起来， 原型将提供诊断和治疗建议， 没有现成的临床专家的医疗机构，如 在农村卫生保健或服务不足的城市地区。