PREVENTING ALCOHOL SALES TO MINORS

防止向未成年人出售酒精

• 批准号: 2769202
• 负责人: ALEXANDER Clarence WAGENAAR
• 金额: $ 49.97万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2769202
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholic beverages; alcoholism /alcohol abuse prevention; behavior modification; behavioral /social science research tag; drug controls; health behavior; human subject; longitudinal human study; negative reinforcements; outcomes research; social behavior; social model; statistics /biometry; substance abuse epidemiology

This project will develop and test the effects of two theory-based interventions to reduce illegal sales of alcohol to underage persons, using a multi-community time-series design. The first intervention is based on a compliance model, where incentives are structured to encourage compliance with laws prohibiting sales to youth, and alcohol outlets are provided with information, skills, training, procedure manuals, and other support needed to optimally comply with the law. The second intervention is based on a deterrence model, where active police and liquor licence enforcement of laws against sales to youth is implemented, significantly increasing the probability of detection for violators, and increasing the probability nd speed of experiencing a penalty. The interventions will be implemented in nine diverse communities that previousluy have considerable experience enforcing laws prohibiting sales of tobacco to youth. In each community majors, police chiefs, and city administrators, have made a commitment to active participation and collaboration in the project. Intervention effects will be assessed using a time-series design with several key enhancements, including multiple treatments, periods of removed or low-intensity intervention alternating with periods of high-intensity intervention and a set of similar communities not experiencing the interventions as a comparison group. The primary outcome measure is based on direct testing of outlets' propensity to sell to youth, using previously developed and tested protocols. Intermediate outcomes are measured via surveys of alcohol outlet owners and managers, direct observation of outlets, and process evaluation indicators of intervention activities. A continuous data collection system will be established to provide weekly measures over multiple years, maximizing power of the time-series design. Main outcomes will be analyzed across the entire set of eight communities to maximize statistical power, while stratified analyses (e.g., urban vs. Suburan) will provide additional information regarding generalizability of observed intervention effects. Statistical analyses will include assessment of simple intercept and slope changes, as well as testing more complex gradual or decaying intervention effects and combinations of effects using Box-Jenkins ARIMA and transfer function analyses and mixed-model regression modeling. Results of the project will be both theoretically and practically significant. Testing compliance and deterrence approaches with a set of targets for change not often previously studied-alcohol outlets-will contribute to the refinement of these approaches. Results regarding the relative effectiveness of the two approaches will be of direct use to community decision-makers nationwide, as they work to prevent youth drinking and alcohol problems in a period of expanded responsibilities and shrinking resources.

该项目将开发并测试两个基于理论的效果 减少未成年人的非法销售非法销售的干预措施， 使用多社区的时间序列设计。 第一次干预 是基于合规模型的，在该模型中，激励措施的结构为 鼓励遵守禁止向青年销售销售的法律，以及 为酒精插座提供了信息，技能，培训， 程序手册和其他支持以最佳遵守 法律。 第二个干预措施基于威慑模型， 有效的警察和酒类许可执行法律针对 实施向青年的销售，大大增加了 违反者发现的概率，并增加 概率和罚款的速度。 干预措施 将在以前的卢伊有九个不同的社区中实施 实施禁止烟草销售的法律的丰富经验 给青年。 在每个社区专业，警察局长和城市 管理员，已致力于积极参与， 项目合作。 干预效果将被评估 使用具有多个关键增强功能的时间序列设计，包括 多种治疗，去除或低强度干预期 与高强度干预时期交替 类似的社区没有经历干预措施 比较组。 主要结果指标是基于直接的 使用以前 开发和测试协议。 测量中间结果 通过对酒精渠道所有者和经理的调查，直接观察 插座和干预的过程评估指标 活动。 将建立一个连续的数据收集系统 要在多年内提供每周措施，请最大化 时间序列设计。 主要结果将在 整个八个社区，以最大化统计能力，而 分层分析（例如，Urban vs. Suburan）将提供其他 有关观察到干预措施的普遍性的信息 效果。 统计分析将包括对简单的评估 截距和坡度变化，并测试更复杂的渐进 或使用腐烂的干预效果和效果的组合使用 Box-Jenkins Arima和转移功能分析和混合模型 回归建模。 该项目的结果将是 理论上和实际上是重要的。 测试合规性和 威慑方法与一组变更的目标不经常 以前研究的酒精插座将有助于改进 这些方法。 有关相对有效性的结果 这两种方法将直接用于社区 全国决策者在努力防止青年饮酒时 和酒精问题在扩大责任和 收缩资源。