H2-BusAC: Low Carbon Hydrogen Bus Air Conditioning System with Compact Hydrogen Storage and Hydrogen Fuel Cell

H2-BusAC：具有紧凑型储氢和氢燃料电池的低碳氢客车空调系统

• 批准号: 77144
• 金额: $ 7.4万
• 依托单位: LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Small Business Research Initiative
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=77144
• 关键词: H2; BusAC; Low; Carbon; Hydrogen

Globally, the development of hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC) vehicles has attracted more and more attention to replacing the conventional gasoline fuel vehicles. These are attributed to a number of important advantages from the H2FC ones including low carbon emissions, no air pollution and sufficient energy resources. They are more suitable for transports in populated areas such as buses in cities, where less transport air pollution and limited carbon emissions are strictly demanded. Conventionally, an H2FC bus utilises high pressure (about 350 bar) tanks to store hydrogen on board. This leads to safety concerns for the passengers on board and takes relatively larger space. In addition, to fill the high pressure hydrogen tanks on board, even higher hydrogen pressure (about 500 bar) is needed at a specially designed hydrogen fuelling station which can consume excessive power. On the other hand, an air conditioning system in an H2FC bus is necessarily installed to maintain the comfortable condition of the passenger compartment. Normally, the air conditioning system uses a vapour compression cycle and is driven by electricity. The power consumption in the air conditioning system requires extra electricity from the fuel cell (FC) power generation and thus reduces significantly the maximum bus driving range. Subsequently, a H2FC bus with compact and secured hydrogen storage and a highly efficient air conditioning system is immediately desired. In this feasibility study, a novel hydrogen storage and air conditioning system for the H2FC bus (H2-BusAC) will be designed, simulated, optimised and specified for prototype development in the next stage. Instead of using high pressure tanks to store hydrogen on board, a specially designed hydrogen reactor heat exchanger will be developed to store the hydrogen with moderate pressure. This can diminish the safety concerns for the high pressure hydrogen storage on board. Meanwhile, the charging pressure of hydrogen at a hydrogen fuelling station and corresponding compression pressure and power are therefore significantly reduced. On the road, the hydrogen from the reactor heat exchanger releases to a fuel cell on board to generate power and drive the bus. In the meantime, the reactor absorbs heat from the passenger compartment to produce cooling during the summer period when cooling is demanded. During the winter period, space heating is satisfied by the waste heat from the fuel cell power generation process. Some essential design and operating conditions for conventional hydrogen FC buses will be obtained from industrial partners.

在全球范围内，氢燃料电池（H2 FC）汽车的发展越来越受到人们的关注，以取代传统的汽油燃料汽车。这归功于H2 FC的一些重要优势，包括低碳排放，无空气污染和充足的能源。它们更适合人口密集地区的交通工具，例如城市的公共汽车，这些地方严格要求减少交通空气污染和限制碳排放。传统上，H2 FC公交车利用高压（约350巴）罐来在车上储存氢气。这导致对机上乘客的安全考虑，并占用相对较大的空间。此外，为了填充船上的高压氢气罐，在特别设计的氢气加注站需要更高的氢气压力（约500巴），这可能消耗过多的电力。另一方面，H2 FC客车中必须安装空调系统以保持乘客舱的舒适条件。通常，空调系统使用蒸汽压缩循环，并由电力驱动。空调系统中的功率消耗需要来自燃料电池（FC）发电的额外电力，从而显著降低了总线的最大行驶里程。因此，迫切需要具有紧凑且安全的氢存储和高效空调系统的H2 FC公交车。在这项可行性研究中，将设计、模拟、优化和指定用于H2 FC公交车的新型储氢和空调系统（H2-BusAC），以用于下一阶段的原型开发。取代使用高压罐在船上储存氢气，将开发一种专门设计的氢气反应堆热交换器来储存中等压力的氢气。这可以减少船上高压储氢的安全问题。同时，氢燃料站处的氢的填充压力以及相应的压缩压力和功率因此显著降低。在公路上，反应堆热交换器中的氢气释放到车上的燃料电池中，以产生动力并驱动公共汽车。在此期间，反应堆从乘客舱吸收热量，以在需要冷却的夏季期间产生冷却。在冬季，空间供暖由燃料电池发电过程中的废热来满足。传统氢燃料电池公交车的一些基本设计和运行条件将从工业合作伙伴那里获得。