SELF CONSTRUAL EFFECTS ON SOCIAL PROCESSES

自我观念对社会过程的影响

• 批准号: 2881445
• 负责人: WENDI L. GARDNER
• 金额: $ 7.17万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2881445
• 关键词: attribution; behavioral /social science research tag; culture; human subject; identity; interpersonal relations; peer group; psychological tests; self concept; social behavior; social group process; social psychology; socioenvironment

The current proposal focuses upon the influence of holding a relatively independent vs. interdependent selfconstrual on self- evaluation processes and social behavior. Independent self- construals are defined as those that focus upon individual attributes and emphasize autonomy. Interdependent self-construals are those that focus upon roles in close relationships or group memberships and emphasize connection with others (see Markus and Kitayama, 1991). Although past research concerning self-construal has focused primarily upon cultural differences, relatively independent vs. interdependent self-construals may also be situationally activated through priming (e.g., Brewer and Gardner, 1996), and thus the ability of self construal to act as an interpretive framework for the understanding of self, others, and social behavior may be examined apart from cultural comparisons. Five studies are proposed to examine both the basic processes thought to be influenced by the relative accessibility of an independent vs. interdependent self-construal, and to investigate the implications of these processes for group behavior. It is hypothesized that shifting from an independent to interdependent self-construal will: (1) shift self-evaluation from emphasizing social comparison processes through which the success of close others threatens esteem, to instead social reflection processes, through which the success of close others bolsters esteem (e.g., Tesser, 1988); (2) shift self-regulation from emphasizing one's own self-guides and standards to emphasizing the guides and standards of others (e.g., Higgins, 1987); and (3) shift the control strategies used from an emphasizing active control, through which the social environment is changed to suit the needs of the self, to emphasizing reactive control through which the self is changed to suit the social environment (e.g., Rothbaum et al., 1982). The implications of accessible independent vs. interdependent self-construals will then be examined in terms of group behavior; shifting from an independent to interdependent self-construal should (4) encourage the pursuit of collective over personal interests in a "commons dilemma" and should (5) discourage "social loafing" during a collective effort.

目前的建议侧重于保持相对独立的自我建构与相互依赖的自我建构对自我评估过程和社会行为的影响。独立自我建构是指那些关注个体属性并强调自主性的自我建构。相互依赖的自我构念是指那些专注于亲密关系中的角色或小组成员关系，并强调与他人联系的自我构念(参见Markus和Kitayama，1991)。尽管过去关于自我构念的研究主要集中在文化差异上，但相对独立和相互依赖的自我构念也可能通过启动被情景激活(例如，Breyer和Gardner，1996)，因此，自我构思作为理解自我、他人和社会行为的解释框架的能力可能不同于文化比较而被考察。本文提出了五项研究，旨在考察被认为受独立与相互依赖的自我构念的相对可及性影响的基本过程，并考察这些过程对群体行为的影响。假设从独立的自我构念转变为相互依赖的自我构念：(1)将自我评价从强调社会比较过程转变为社会反思过程，通过社会比较过程，亲近他人的成功威胁到尊重(例如，Tesser，1988)；(2)将自我调节从强调自己的自我指导和标准转变为强调他人的指导和标准(例如，Higgins，1987)；(3)控制策略从强调主动控制，通过改变社会环境以适应自我的需要，转变为强调反应性控制，通过改变自我以适应社会环境(例如，Rothbaum等，1982)。可接近的独立自我构念与相互依赖的自我构念的含义将从群体行为的角度进行检验；从独立的自我构念转变为相互依赖的自我构念应该(4)鼓励在“公地困境”中追求集体利益而不是个人利益，(5)应该阻止集体努力中的“社会游手好闲”。