AMNESIA AND RECOG--SINGLE VERSUS MULTIPROCESS MODELS

最近，有人提出，大脑下部的皮质区域 基于刺激判别的颞叶支持度识别 熟悉，并且这种功能独立于海马体 队形。将承认定义为一种熟悉性歧视 过程有很长的认知历史，并通过 信号检测理论在识别数据中的应用。然而， 许多研究人员认为，这种单一过程理论是 不足是因为有意识的回忆定性的， 在识别判断过程中也可以使用上下文信息。 动物和病人的证据都表明，这种能力非常关键 取决于海马体的结构。双进程模型，一致 根据病人和动物的保留识别报告，建议 海马体结构和外围区域都对 认知；前者对回忆至关重要，后者对回忆至关重要 熟悉性歧视。如果正确，则保留在 有局限性海马区损害的健忘者，将在很大程度上 按项目熟悉度排序，因此将与 信号检测理论的预测。对于正常受试者，这是 通常情况并非如此，大概是因为回忆也有助于 他们的表现。当前项目将对比控件和 患者在四个实验中预测的表现趋势 根据识别是否是信号检测而有所不同 过程，一个离散的回忆过程，或两者的结果。如果 海马体结构和外围皮质区域执行单一的， 集成存储过程，那么赦免的性能应该只需 类似于控制的降级版本。这样的发现将是 与声明性内存模型和最近的单一进程保持一致 表彰的记述。然而，如果海马体结构 主要服务于回忆，然后是保留的识别模式 患者应与对照组有质的不同。这样的发现 将为双过程理论提供神经学基础，帮助 澄清赦免中保全承认的性质，并强调 单因素记忆估计的不足(例如，d‘，百分比 正确，命中减去错误警报)，用于识别功能缺陷 在健忘症中。

Recently, it has been proposed that cortical regions in the inferior temporal lobe support recognition based on discriminations of stimulus familiarity, and that this function is independent of the hippocampal formation. The framing of recognition as a familiarity discrimination process has a long cognitive history, and was formalized with the application of signal detection theory to recognition data. However, many researchers have argued that this single process theory is insufficient because the conscious recollection of qualitative, contextual information can also be used during recognition judgments. Both animal and patient evidence suggest that this ability critically depends on the hippocampal formation. A dual process model, consistent with reports of preserved recognition in patients and animals, suggests that both the hippocampal formation and outlying regions contribute to recognition; the former critical for recollection, and the latter for familiarity discriminations. If correct, the preserved recognition in amnesics with circumscribed hippocampal damage, will be driven largely by item familiarity, and therefore will closely conform to the predictions of signal detection theory. For normal subjects, this is typically not the case, presumably because recollection also contributes to their performance. The current project will contrast controls and patients in four experiments in which the predicted trend of performance is different depending on whether recognition is a signal detection process, a discrete recollective process, or the result of both. If the hippocampal formation and outlying cortical regions perform a single, integrated memory process, then performance of amnesics should simply resemble a degraded version of controls. Such findings would be consistent with the declarative memory model, and recent single process accounts of recognition. However, if the hippocampal formation primarily serves recollection, then the pattern of preserved recognition in patients should qualitatively differ from controls. Such a finding would provide a neurological footing for dual process theory, help clarify the nature of preserved recognition in amnesics, and highlight the inadequacy of single factor memory estimates (e.g., d', percent correct, hits minus false alarms) for identifying functional deficits in amnesia.