SMAHRT - Scalable Modular Ammonia to Hydrogen Refueling Terminal

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The aim to reduce the carbon footprint of transport, or to at least become a carbon neutral society, is currently a main driver for introducing zero emission fuels on a wide scale (domestic, industry, power and transport) and in particular the Aviation and Marine sectors. Green Hydrogen and Green Ammonia, for which hydrogen is produced by electrolysis from renewable energy sources, can be considered to have zero carbon emission and fulfil the most ambitious environmental sustainability goals. The UN's shipping agency - International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has agreed to sector-wide targets to pursue a 70% reduction of emission intensity (from Ports and Vessels) and a 50% overall emission reduction within shipping by 2050\. The UN, through the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), has similarly adopted the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). The object of the SMAHRT project (Scalable Modular Ammonia to Hydrogen Refuelling Terminals) is to design, build, install and operate the infrastructure required to refuel marine vessels and ground support vehicles at Seaports (and Airports) with compressed Green Hydrogen produced on-site from Ammonia as the liquid carrier for hydrogen transport, delivery, storage and bunkering (i.e. refuelling of vessels). SMAHRT is an integral feature of the Dock-to-Dock ("D2D") project and its "Smart-Multiport". The objective of D2D is to repurpose port infrastructures to be an essential component of future Smart Cities in their drive towards zero emissions and energy efficient, integrated and sustainable transportation solutions of which SMAHRT is essential. The innovation of SMAHRT is the development of modular, containerised, liquid ammonia cracking to hydrogen equipment with purification, compression, storage and distribution infrastructure, only seen in large scale static Ammonia plants. SMAHRT will not only sit within the seaport/airport infrastructure but will also be capable of being loaded onto the emerging new generation of electric autonomous zero emission ships (eAZE) as a compact source of continuous onboard hydrogen supply, or, when integrated with a fuel-cell, a self-contained source of electrical power for hybrid-electric vessels The containerised SMAHRT would be periodically resupplied with liquefied ammonia, benefiting from the ease of transport and relative high density of ammonia (2x the density of liquid hydrogen).. SMAHRT will facilitate the growth of hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC) powered vessels and ground transport thus "_Accelerating the shift to low carbon transport"._ This is an essential component for both the Maritime and Aviation sectors in meeting the zero emissions targets set by the UN.