PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF HEALTH IN RUNNERS AND WALKERS

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）现任政府 身体健康指南指出：1）大多数健康 身体活动的好处可以通过快走2英里来获得 在一周的大部分时间里; 2）身体活动的健康益处 主要取决于活动的总量，而不是强度 的活动。 然而，目前还没有前景。 流行病学研究现存，专门设计直接对比 适度锻炼的健康益处和成本（例如，步行）与 剧烈运动（例如，运行）。 这项拟议中的研究计划比较冠心病（CHD）的发病率， 癌症，总死亡率和运动损伤，68，000名跑步者和68，000名 在四年的监视中发现了行尸 关于下列事项的文件： 56，000名跑步者的跑步和其他体育活动已经 预计将有13，000名跑步者提供额外的调查问卷 1997年3月之前。 沿着将有68，000名运动员在1997年重新参加比赛 行尸 此外，政府亦会出版 《行走》杂志上的调查问卷，然后直接邮寄 向425，000名订阅者发出问卷。 总死亡率和死因别死亡率 将根据国家死亡指数确定;致命和非致命癌症 将从SEER和46个州登记研究中识别;非致命性冠状动脉 心脏病和受伤将通过问卷调查确定。 生存 分析将被用来测试跑步者是否有更大的减少， 心脏病、总死亡率和每单位运动量的癌症。 还将检查与步行和跑步有关的伤害。 功率计算表明，检测跑步者之间的差异， 步行者，总死亡率低至11%，冠心病为16%，总死亡率为12%。 癌症，36%的乳腺癌，将是可能的。 该等差额 调整每周步行和跑步消耗的卡路里， 步行和跑步的距离，以及每项活动所花费的时间来测试 这些变量是否解释了 步行者和跑步者。 在研究开始之前，在56，000人中进行了233，000人-年的随访。 1991年至1997年的参赛者将被累积。 年底前 这项研究，517,000人年在68,000名跑步者（1991年至2001年） 将可用于分析。 生存分析将用于检测 跑步里程与冠心病和癌症之间的剂量反应关系 风险，以及这种关系是否受到跑步强度的影响， 跑步频率、跑步史、性别、肥胖、年龄或药物 使用. 使用保守率（比公布值低25%），统计 功率计算表明， 每英里0.71%的疾病风险将是可能的，这远远低于 其他已发表研究的估计减少（2.1%）。 此外，本发明还 每跑一英里，乳腺癌风险降低1.5%， 计算出女性的风险，低于估计的风险降低1.7%。 其他已公布的数据。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract) Current government physical fitness guidelines state that: 1) the majority of the health benefits from physical activity can be obtained by walking 2 miles briskly on most days of the week; and 2) the health benefits of physical activity depend principally on the total amount of activity rather than the intensity of the activity. Nevertheless, there are currently no prospective epidemiological studies extant, designed specifically to directly contrast the health benefits and costs of moderate exercise (e.g., walking) versus vigorous exercise (e.g., running). The proposed study plans to compare rates of coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, total mortality and exercise injuries in 68,000 runners and 68,000 walkers during four years of surveillance. Questionnaires concerning running and other physical activities in 56,000 runners have already been obtained, and additional questionnaires from 13,000 runners are expected before March 1997. The runners will be resurveyed in 1997 along with 68,000 walkers. The walkers will also be solicited through the publication of the questionnaire in Walking magazine followed by a direct mailing of the questionnaire to 425,000 subscribers. Total and cause-specific mortality will be determined from the National Death Index; fatal and nonfatal cancers will be identified from the SEER and 46 state registries; nonfatal coronary heart disease and injuries will be determined from questionnaires. Survival analyses will be used to test whether runners have greater reduction in heart disease, total mortality, and cancer per unit of exercise. Exercise-related injuries from walking and running will also be examined. Power calculations suggest that detection of differences between runners and walkers, as small as 11% for total mortality, 16% for CHD, 12% for total cancers, and 36% for breast cancer, will be possible. The differences will be adjusted for weekly kilocalories expended by walking and running, for walking and running distance, and for time spent on each activity to test whether these variables account for differences in disease rates between walkers and runners. Before the start of the study, 233,000 person-years of follow-up in 56,000 runners (between 1991 and 1997) will have been accumulated. By the end of the study, 517,000 person years in 68,000 runners (between 1991 and 2001) will be available for analysis. Survival analysis will be used to test for a dose-response relationship between running mileage and CHD and cancer risk, and whether this relationship is affected by running intensity, running frequency, running history, gender, adiposity, age or medication use. Using conservative rates (25% below published values), statistical power calculations suggest that detectable reduction in coronary heart disease risk as small as 0.71% per mile will be possible, which is far below the estimated reduction from other published studies (2.1%). Additionally, a detectable reduction in breast cancer risk as small as 1.5% per mile run in women is calculated, which is below the 1.7% reduction in risk estimated from other published data.