BRAIN PROSTHESES--TISSUE COMPATIBILITY AND INTEGRATION

生物工程可以为健康的人做出重大贡献 2000年倡议，开发疾病预防和控制设备。 该项目将结合两个国家资源的努力， 沃兹沃斯中心在神经系统组织和成像方面的专业知识 康奈尔大学在纳米制造方面的专业知识。神经假体有 恢复神经系统功能的巨大潜力 身体创伤或疾病。纳米制造将这种方法扩展到 脊髓和脑植入物用于刺激和记录单次 或者是一小群神经元。这些设备的工程设计是很好的 然而，它们的组织相容性是一个主要限制。在……里面 大脑是一层“鞘”细胞，包围着整个植入物。小才是 了解这些细胞和这个鞘的特性。我们会 描述组织反应并确定哪些细胞类型 为“鞘”做贡献。长期的成功发展 植入物需要生物可接受的表面提供稳定的 整合到脑组织和低阻连接与 周围的神经元。本项目将研究脑神经假体。 接口，以提高神经假体与 脑组织。假体将用半导体制成纳米晶 技巧。将使用三个步骤来生产假体。 具有组织相容的表面。(I)测试表面将由 物理、化学和生化方法。原代细胞培养和 自动化分析将允许高效地测试大量 表面，分析特定群体的细胞，例如星形胶质细胞， 神经元、室管膜细胞等，以及细胞附着的分析 参数，例如附着力和附着力强度。(Ii)器官类型 培养将比较复合体中细胞与假体的相互作用 大脑的细胞环境，但缺乏相关的运动 心输出量和脑在头盖骨内的运动。(Iii) 假体将被植入老鼠的大脑中，以确定它们是否会成为 整合到脑组织中，或者如果出现鞘形成。此外, 假体和脑组织之间的生物界面将被研究 通过在之前提供具有神经元或神经胶质组件的假体设备 植入。最后，电子板将被整合到 假体和邻近神经组织的传导性将是 被监视着。这些结果将指示施加的电压是否会产生 对组织相容性很重要的附加因素，如果是组织 相容的假体是一种稳定的长期刺激和/或 神经网络的记录，如果假体将在 临床应用。

Bioengineering can make a significant contribution to the Healthy People 2000 initiative by developing devices for disease prevention and control. This project will combine the efforts of two National Resources, the Wadsworth Center with expertise in imaging nervous system tissues and Cornell University's expertise in nanofabrication. Neural protheses have tremendous potential to restore nervous system functions lost due to physical trauma or disease. Nanofabrication extends this approach to spinal cord and brain implants for stimulating and recording from single or small groups of neurons. The engineering of these devices is well developed; however, their tissue compatibility is a major limitation. In the brain, a "sheath" of cells surrounds the entire implant. Little is known about these cells and the characteristics of this sheath. We will characterize the tissue reaction and determine which cell types contribute to the "sheath". The successful development of long-term implants requires biologically acceptable surfaces providing stable incorporation into brain tissue and low resistance connections with surrounding neurons. This project will study the brain-neural prosthesis interface in order to improve the integration of neural prostheses into brain tissue. Prostheses will be nanofabricated using semiconductor techniques. A three-step procedure will be used to produce prostheses with tissue compatible surfaces. (i) Test surfaces will be modified by physical, chemical, and biochemical methods. Primary cell cultures and automated analysis will allow efficient testing of large numbers of surfaces, analysis of specific populations of cells, e.g. astrocytes, neurons, ependymal cells, etc., and analysis of cell attachment parameters, e.g. adhesion and strength of adhesion. (ii) Organotypic cultures will compare cell-prosthesis interactions in the complex cellular environment of the brain but the absence of movements associated with cardiac output and movement of the brain within the cranium. (iii) Prostheses will be implanted into rat brains to determine if they become integrated into brain tissue or if sheath formation occurs. In addition, biological interfaces between prostheses and brain tissue will be studied by providing prosthetic devices with neuronal or glial components before implantation. Finally, electronic pads will be incorporated into prostheses and conductivity to the adjacent neural tissue will be monitored. These results will indicate if applied voltage produces an additional factor important for tissue compatibility, if tissue compatible prostheses are a stable for long-term stimulation and/or recording of neural networks, and if prostheses will be useful in clinical applications.