BRAIN PROSTHESES--TISSUE COMPATIBILITY AND INTEGRATION

生物工程可以为人类健康做出重大贡献 2000年的倡议，开发设备的疾病预防和控制。 该项目将联合收割机的努力，两个国家的资源， 沃兹沃斯中心在成像神经系统组织和 康奈尔大学在纳米纤维方面的专业知识。神经假体有 恢复神经系统功能的巨大潜力， 身体创伤或疾病。纳米纤维将这种方法扩展到 脊髓和大脑植入物， 或小的神经元群。这些设备的工程设计很好， 然而，它们的组织相容性是一个主要的限制。在 在大脑中，细胞的“鞘”包围着整个植入物。之甚少 了解这些细胞和鞘的特征。我们将 表征组织反应并确定哪些细胞类型 有助于“鞘”。长期的成功发展 植入物需要生物学上可接受的表面， 结合到脑组织和低电阻连接， 周围的神经元本项目将研究脑神经假体 接口，以改善神经假体的整合， 脑组织假体将使用半导体纳米制造 技术.一个三步程序将用于生产假肢 与组织相容的表面。(i)测试表面将通过以下方式进行修改： 物理、化学和生物化学方法。原代细胞培养和 自动化分析将允许对大量的 表面，分析特定的细胞群，例如星形胶质细胞， 神经元、室管膜细胞等，和细胞附着的分析 参数，例如粘附力和粘附强度。(ii)器官型 培养将比较复合体中细胞-假体的相互作用， 大脑的细胞环境，但缺乏相关的运动 心输出量和大脑在颅骨内的运动。（三） 假体将被植入老鼠的大脑，以确定它们是否会成为 整合到脑组织中或是否发生鞘形成。此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 将研究假体和脑组织之间的生物界面 通过提供具有神经元或神经胶质成分的假体装置， 置入最后，电子板将被纳入 假体和邻近神经组织的传导性将是 监测。这些结果将指示所施加的电压是否产生 组织相容性的其他重要因素，如果 兼容假体对于长期刺激是稳定的，和/或 记录神经网络，如果假肢将是有用的， 临床应用。

Bioengineering can make a significant contribution to the Healthy People 2000 initiative by developing devices for disease prevention and control. This project will combine the efforts of two National Resources, the Wadsworth Center with expertise in imaging nervous system tissues and Cornell University's expertise in nanofabrication. Neural protheses have tremendous potential to restore nervous system functions lost due to physical trauma or disease. Nanofabrication extends this approach to spinal cord and brain implants for stimulating and recording from single or small groups of neurons. The engineering of these devices is well developed; however, their tissue compatibility is a major limitation. In the brain, a "sheath" of cells surrounds the entire implant. Little is known about these cells and the characteristics of this sheath. We will characterize the tissue reaction and determine which cell types contribute to the "sheath". The successful development of long-term implants requires biologically acceptable surfaces providing stable incorporation into brain tissue and low resistance connections with surrounding neurons. This project will study the brain-neural prosthesis interface in order to improve the integration of neural prostheses into brain tissue. Prostheses will be nanofabricated using semiconductor techniques. A three-step procedure will be used to produce prostheses with tissue compatible surfaces. (i) Test surfaces will be modified by physical, chemical, and biochemical methods. Primary cell cultures and automated analysis will allow efficient testing of large numbers of surfaces, analysis of specific populations of cells, e.g. astrocytes, neurons, ependymal cells, etc., and analysis of cell attachment parameters, e.g. adhesion and strength of adhesion. (ii) Organotypic cultures will compare cell-prosthesis interactions in the complex cellular environment of the brain but the absence of movements associated with cardiac output and movement of the brain within the cranium. (iii) Prostheses will be implanted into rat brains to determine if they become integrated into brain tissue or if sheath formation occurs. In addition, biological interfaces between prostheses and brain tissue will be studied by providing prosthetic devices with neuronal or glial components before implantation. Finally, electronic pads will be incorporated into prostheses and conductivity to the adjacent neural tissue will be monitored. These results will indicate if applied voltage produces an additional factor important for tissue compatibility, if tissue compatible prostheses are a stable for long-term stimulation and/or recording of neural networks, and if prostheses will be useful in clinical applications.