Sense of Place in Anglo-Saxon England

盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰的地方感

• 批准号: AH/G009740/1
• 负责人: Richard Jones
• 金额: $ 1.55万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG009740%2F1
• 关键词: Sense; Place; Anglo; Saxon; England

The greatest legacy of the social, economic and landscape transformations that took place in England during the Anglo-Saxon period are the settlements in which we still live. The majority of these places continue to be referred to by names coined over a thousand years ago and to occupy the same locations chosen by their founders. They provide us with an unbroken link to the past. It is around these focal points that strong senses of community identity have grown, bound up with an understanding of the relationship that exists between people and place. Study of settlements within their landscapes has paid particular dividend in the investigation of places whose names derive from natural features. It has proved possible to distinguish how closely those who named places understood their surroundings, how they viewed these environments, and how they used the landscape to differentiate place from place. Similar precision is likely to lie behind place-names that refer to particular physical structures (individual buildings, enclosures etc.) or specific functions. But a major barrier to drawing such conclusions is that, very often, those features to which the name alludes have now disappeared or have been obscured. Consequently, our understanding of names for inhabited places lags behind the present state of knowledge surrounding names referring to hills, valleys and other features in the landscape. Anglo-Saxons differentiated, for example, between 'loc', and 'worth', both terms for an enclosure. But what was it about these that allowed them to be separated? Was it their physical appearance, how they were used, by whom or what, or was it a matter of scale? These are the type of issues that this series of workshops will address. The proposed series of five workshops, to be held in different venues across the country, will be structured around key themes:1. Changing Places, Changing Names: exploring the relationship between place-names, historical sources, and archaeological evidence. Why are place-names important? How do names help to identify and define early medieval communities?2. Religion and Belief: explored through an examination of settlements taking elements such as hearg (pagan temple), eccles (British church), minster (minster church), cirice/ kirk (church), Preston (priest's settlement)3. Centres and Dependency: taking elements such as tun/by (settlement, estate), burh (fortified place), cot (dependent settlement), torp (secondary settlement), Kingston (King's settlement), Carlton/Charlton (Ceorls' settlement)4. Function and Form: taking elements such as wic (dairy farm), Barton (barley farm), worth (enclosure), loc (enclosure), haga (fence, enclosure)5. Sense of Place in Anglo-Saxon England: a final workshop exploring the implications raised by this series of workshops, which will pinpoint areas for further research, and establish collaborative networks for interdisciplinary research within these areas. These workshops will help us understand the origins and development of individual early medieval settlements, and to trace broader transformations in the English countryside in the Anglo-Saxon period. They offer a new way of exploring the creation of secular and ecclesiastical administrative landscapes, emerging social hierarchies, and the agrarian exploitation of the land. Place-names offer a way in to unlocking deeper understanding of Anglo-Saxon attitudes to their landscapes and social structures, but only if used in conjunction with the archaeological and topographical studies of settlement. Out of these workshops exciting new understandings of the early medieval countryside will emerge. These will serve to stimulate new research on settlement, landscape, identity and naming in prehistoric and early historic scholarship, at home and abroad; and help to connect a wider public to the Anglo-Saxon origins of the settlements in which they live.

在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，英国发生的社会、经济和景观变革的最大遗产是我们现在仍然生活的定居点。这些地方中的大多数仍然以一千多年前创造的名字命名，并占据其创始人选择的相同位置。它们为我们提供了与过去的不间断的联系。正是在这些焦点周围，强烈的社区认同感得到了发展，这与对人与地方之间存在的关系的理解密切相关。 研究其景观中的定居点，在调查其名称源于自然特征的地方方面取得了特别的成果。事实证明，可以区分那些命名地点的人对周围环境的理解程度，他们如何看待这些环境，以及他们如何使用景观来区分地点。同样的精确性也可能存在于提及特定物理结构（个别建筑物、围墙等）的地名后面。或特定功能。但得出这种结论的一个主要障碍是，这个名字所指的那些特征现在往往已经消失或被掩盖了。因此，我们对有人居住的地方的名称的理解落后于目前的知识状态，周围的名称指的是山丘，山谷和其他功能的景观。例如，盎格鲁-撒克逊人区分了“locs”和“numb”，这两个词都表示圈地。但是，是什么让他们被分开的呢？是他们的外表，他们是如何使用的，谁或什么，还是规模的问题？这是这一系列讲习班将讨论的问题。拟议的五个系列讲习班将在全国各地的不同地点举行，将围绕关键主题进行安排：1.改变地方，改变名字：探索地名，历史来源和考古证据之间的关系。为什么地名很重要？名称如何帮助识别和定义早期中世纪社区？2.宗教与信仰：通过对定居点的考察，如hearg（异教寺庙），eccles（英国教堂），cirice（英国教堂），cirice/ kirk（教堂），普雷斯顿（牧师定居点）3。中心和部门：采取的元素，如tun/by（定居点，地产），burh（设防的地方），cot（附属定居点），torp（次要定居点），金斯顿（国王的定居点），卡尔顿/查尔顿（Ceorls的定居点）4。功能与形式：采用wic（奶牛场）、巴顿（大麦场）、worth（圈地）、loc（圈地）、haga（围栏、圈地）等元素。盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰的地方感：最后一个研讨会探索这一系列研讨会提出的影响，这将确定进一步研究的领域，并在这些领域建立跨学科研究的合作网络。这些研讨会将帮助我们了解各个早期中世纪定居点的起源和发展，并追踪盎格鲁-撒克逊时期英国乡村的更广泛变革。它们提供了一种新的方式来探索世俗和教会行政景观的创造，新兴的社会等级制度，以及土地的农业开发。地名提供了一种方法，可以更深入地了解盎格鲁-撒克逊人对其景观和社会结构的态度，但只有在与定居点的考古学和地形学研究结合使用时才能这样做。在这些研讨会中，人们将对中世纪早期的乡村产生令人兴奋的新认识。这些将有助于促进国内外史前和早期历史学术中对定居点，景观，身份和命名的新研究;并有助于将更广泛的公众与他们居住的定居点的盎格鲁-撒克逊起源联系起来。

项目成果

Perceptions of Place

对地方的看法

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Jones, R.

Manure Matters: Historical, Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives

粪便很重要：历史、考古学和民族志的视角

• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Jones R

Thorps in a Changing Landscape

不断变化的景观中的索普斯

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Cullen P

Sense of Place in Anglo-Saxon England

盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰的地方感

• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Jones R

Perceptions of Place: twenty-first century interpretations of English place-name studies

对地方的看法：二十一世纪对英语地名研究的解释

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Jones, R.