权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Preacher and Ritualist: the role of Theravada Buddhist monks

传教士和仪式师：上座部佛教僧侣的角色

基本信息

批准号：
AH/H003126/1
负责人：
Rita Langer
金额：
$ 3.24万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH003126%2F1
关键词：
Preacher Ritualist role Theravada Buddhist

项目摘要

Death rituals are the only life cycle ritual in which Theravada Buddhist monks are actively involved and thus provide an excellent context in which to observe the monk-laity relationship. The Theravada death rituals are rather complex and include protective chanting (to prevent a 'bad death'), 'confusing' the spirit of the dead, feeding crows and ancestors, inviting gods to be present, transferring merit, ridding a place of ghosts, gambling and dancing. The monks' involvement, however, is confined to three main areas: preaching, chanting and a ritual called 'offering of the cloth of the dead'. I have collected material on those connected areas, which form the 'Buddhist core' of the funerals, and propose as outcome three independent articles.1. Buddhist ChantingThe countries of S and SE Asia which understand themselves to belong to the Theravada school of Buddhism (Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Laos) share the reliance on the version of the Buddhist canon (and its commentaries) which is composed in Pali, the sacred and ritual language of the Theravadins. Despite the fact that ancient Pali texts are widely used in the rituals of S and SE Asian Buddhists, most of the laity (and monks) of Thailand and Laos will not understand Pali.This part of my research will focus on change and continuity in the performance of Buddhist funeral chanting, comparing different practices in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Laos.2. Buddhist SermonsOne of the main functions of monks is to give a funeral sermon on the sixth day after death occurred and again on the seventh day, as well as at certain intervals after that (after three months, one year, etc.). During the course of my PhD research in Sri Lanka I have collected a considerable amount of material in the form of recorded funeral sermons. I am now planning to spend some time translating and analysing a set of funeral sermons, which I have already transcribed.3. Buddhist RitualThe most explicitly Buddhist part of the funeral ritual, however, is the donation of a white piece of cloth to the monks. This custom of donating a piece of new cloth, along with other items such as betel and refreshments, can be observed at every funeral in South and South East Asia today and is well documented in the secondary literature. I am planning to follow a line of enquiry raised in my dissertation that links this ceremony with the ancient Vedic practice of providing the dead with a new garment for the life to come.

死亡仪式是小乘佛教僧侣积极参与的唯一生命周期仪式，因此提供了观察僧俗关系的绝佳背景。上座部的死亡仪式相当复杂，包括保护性的念诵（以防止“坏死”），“迷惑”死者的灵魂，喂养乌鸦和祖先，邀请神在场，转移功德，摆脱鬼魂，赌博和跳舞。然而，僧侣们的参与仅限于三个主要领域：布道、诵经和一种名为“提供死者的衣服”的仪式。我收集了这些相关领域的材料，这些领域构成了葬礼的“佛教核心”，并提出了三个独立的文章。佛教圣歌南亚和东南亚国家认为自己属于佛教的小乘学派（斯里兰卡，缅甸，泰国，柬埔寨和老挝）共享的依赖版本的佛教经典（及其评注），这是由帕利，神圣的和仪式的语言小乘。尽管南亚和东南亚佛教徒的仪式中广泛使用古代的帕利文，但泰国和老挝的大多数俗人（和僧侣）不会理解帕利文。我的这部分研究将集中在佛教葬礼诵经表演的变化和连续性上，比较斯里兰卡、泰国和老挝的不同做法。佛教布道僧侣的主要职能之一是在死亡发生后的第六天和第七天以及之后的一定间隔（三个月，一年等）进行葬礼布道。在我在斯里兰卡的博士研究过程中，我收集了相当数量的材料，以记录葬礼布道的形式。我现在打算花些时间翻译和分析一套葬礼布道，我已经转录。3.佛教仪式然而，葬礼仪式中最明显的佛教部分是向僧侣捐赠一块白色布料。这种捐赠一块新布的习俗，沿着其他物品，如槟榔和茶点，可以在今天的南亚和东南亚的每一个葬礼上看到，并在次要文献中有很好的记录。我打算遵循我的论文中提出的一条调查路线，将这个仪式与古代吠陀的做法联系起来，为死者提供一件新衣服来迎接生命。