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The Necessity of Error: History, Truth and Utopia in the novels of Jose Saramago

错误的必然性：何塞·萨拉马戈小说中的历史、真理与乌托邦

基本信息

批准号：
AH/H007520/1
负责人：
Mark Sabine
金额：
$ 3.27万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH007520%2F1
关键词：
Necessity Error History Truth Utopia

项目摘要

The projected book assesses the political philosophy of the 1998 Nobel Literature laureate José Saramago (b.1922) through original readings of his five historiographical novels, informed by contemporary literary and cultural theory. Over the last twenty years, Saramago has become the most acclaimed contemporary Portuguese-language novelist, his books translated into over forty languages and his opinions reported by news media worldwide. As a lifelong political activist as well as a creative writer and essayist, Saramago is increasingly recognised as a key contributor to debates regarding literary representation, historiography, cultural identity, popular protest, and radical social and economic reform. Despite this burgeoning global reception, significant gaps exist in the critical bibliography on Saramago's work, and particularly in that part of it available in English. This focuses predominantly on the series of allegorical novels, commencing with _Blindness_ (1995), for which Saramago is best known outside Iberia and Latin America. Therefore, in addressing the growing demand for book-length studies of Saramago, my book foregrounds the sequence of novels that re-examine Portuguese history and that secured his fame in Portugal. By exploring Saramago's responses to innovations worldwide in literary technique and cultural theory, my book will advance beyond the focus adopted in much existing criticism on historiographical theory and on specifially national literary and political contexts. It will thereby offer a fresh perspective on the seeming paradox that Saramago presents, as a writer who publically espouses a Marxist programme while his books advance a post-modernist interrogation of Marxism's epistemological and sociological premises.The book will comprise an integrated sequence of close readings of the novels, starting with _Risen from the Ground_ (1980) and concluding with _The History of the Siege of Lisbon_ (1989). It will first identify how Saramago's recasting of the historical novel responds both to Marxist literary theorist's formulation of alternatives to 'socialist realism', and to the experiments of contemporary radical left writers in Europe and Latin America. It will then use contemporary anglophone and francophone cultural and political theory to identify the five novels' continuing international relevance as vehicles for a new philosophy and praxis for radical socialism. In particular, this study will identify Saramago's response to post-structuralist debates regarding the roles of desire and of gender and ethnicity in determining identity and social relations, and how this is central to his quest for an enhanced culture of radical politics.The book will guide the reader through Saramago's historical, cultural and literary allusions, relating each novel's specifically Portuguese frame of reference to international contexts, and thereby illuminating continuities between them and his later, 'allegorical' fiction. Saramago himself has suggested that each of his novels can be considered a component of a single multi-volume text. My study will work towards a comprehensive reading of his literary project by exploring Saramago's ever more intricate intertextual allusion to his earlier works in each of his novels to demonstrate how each individual novel amplifies and refracts the political messages of the others. While primarily aimed at scholars of Portuguese and world literature, the book will thus also be of interest to specialists in political and cultural theory, by revealing how Saramago's ostensive focus on the past, and on the aspirations of a nation rediscovering its history and identity after decades of authoritarian rule, offers a nuanced and challenging contribution to contemporary radical left analyses and responses to the impact of neo-liberal economics and globalisation on cultural identity, civic and employment rights, democratic participation, self-Other relations, and ecology.

这本预计出版的书通过对1998年诺贝尔文学奖获得者何塞·萨拉马戈（José Saramago，1922年出生）的五部史学小说的原始阅读，评估了他的政治哲学，并以当代文学和文化理论为基础。在过去的二十年里，萨拉马戈已成为当代最受欢迎的葡萄牙语小说家，他的书被翻译成四十多种语言，他的观点被世界各地的新闻媒体报道。作为一个终身的政治活动家，以及一个创造性的作家和散文家，萨拉马戈越来越多地被认为是一个关键的贡献者有关文学代表性，史学，文化认同，民众抗议，激进的社会和经济改革的辩论。尽管这种迅速发展的全球接受，在萨拉马戈的工作，特别是在它的英文部分的关键书目存在显着的差距。这主要集中在寓言小说系列，开始与_失明_（1995年），萨拉马戈是最有名的伊比利亚和拉丁美洲以外。因此，为了满足人们对萨拉马戈研究的日益增长的需求，我的书突出了一系列小说，这些小说重新审视了葡萄牙历史，并确保了他在葡萄牙的声誉。通过探索萨拉马戈对世界范围内文学技术和文化理论创新的反应，我的书将超越现有的史学理论和特定国家文学和政治背景的批评。因此，它将为萨拉马戈所呈现的看似矛盾的现象提供一个新的视角，萨拉马戈作为一个作家，他在批判性地拥护马克思主义纲领的同时，他的著作却推进了对马克思主义认识论和社会学前提的后现代主义质疑。这本书将包括一系列完整的小说细读，从《从地面升起》（1980）开始，以《围攻里斯本的历史》（1989）结束。它将首先确定萨拉马戈的历史小说的重铸如何回应马克思主义文学理论家的替代“社会主义现实主义”的制定，并在欧洲和拉丁美洲的当代激进左翼作家的实验。然后，它将使用当代英语和法语文化和政治理论，以确定五部小说的持续国际相关性作为一个新的哲学和激进社会主义的实践工具。特别是，本研究将确定萨拉马戈的回应后结构主义辩论的作用，欲望和性别和种族在确定身份和社会关系，以及如何这是核心，他寻求一个增强文化的激进政治。这本书将引导读者通过萨拉马戈的历史，文化和文学典故，将每部小说的特定葡萄牙参考框架与国际背景联系起来，从而阐明它们与他后来的“寓言”小说之间的连续性。萨拉马戈本人曾表示，他的每一部小说都可以被视为一部多卷文本的组成部分。我的研究将致力于全面阅读他的文学项目，探索萨拉马戈的越来越复杂的互文性，他的早期作品在他的每一部小说，以证明如何每一个单独的小说放大和折射的政治信息的其他。虽然主要针对葡萄牙和世界文学的学者，这本书也将因此感兴趣的政治和文化理论的专家，通过揭示萨拉马戈的明示重点是过去，以及一个民族的愿望重新发现其历史和身份后，几十年的独裁统治，为当代激进左翼分析和应对新自由主义经济学和全球化对文化认同的影响提供了微妙而具有挑战性的贡献，公民和就业权利、民主参与、自我与他人的关系以及生态。