PARNASSUS: Ensuring integrity, preserving significance: value based flood resilience for protection of cultural heritage from climate change impact

该提案开发了一个跨学科系统，以量化气候变化导致的历史建筑和考古遗址的降雨和洪水风险；它将通过确定适当的影响指标来评估结构脆弱性，并提出适应战略，根据对重要性丧失的增强复原力进行分类。项目活动是在风险管理和不确定性方法的框架内设定的。该提案阐述了如何更好地理解文化遗产的破坏或物质变化的原因，以及什么时候物质变化是可以接受的，而破坏是不可接受的。这需要研究材料的变化和转变的本质，以及建筑遗产的复原力和适应能力。该提案的目标是：-确定标准和议定书，以确定可接受的损害限度；定义一致的模型材料更改协议；利用风险、监测和模拟为生命周期和成本/效益研究以及新的或改进的保护措施提供信息。-水浸、水位上升、暴雨和热循环对历史建筑和考古遗址结构完整性的影响-评估可实施的新适应技术，以增强历史建筑和遗址对气候变化影响的抵御能力。结构和环境建模者与文化遗产专家的合作，在专业从业者和遗产机构的支持下进行具体的案例研究，确保了在实践中适用的强有力的结果。粗糙的碎石砌体、填充木结构的土结构是选择的构成材料，因为它们在接缝和基础水平上特别容易受到雨水和洪水的影响。因此，环境因素造成的结构破坏加剧的影响可以在项目时间框架内成功测量。基于极端事件统计分析和不确定性量化的整体方法将为研究的各个方面提供信息，从而在风险评估和适应措施中建立可靠性。研究将以案例研究为基础，以便将结果直接反馈到实践中。考虑到暴雨和洪水的综合影响，将进行现场监测和实验室测试。建议的案例研究区域是：图克斯伯里，预定区域位于城镇南端，靠近修道院；迪尔赫斯特、考古遗址和重要的历史建筑；珀斯郡的棉花镇，被洪水破坏的穗轴墙；温彻斯特大教堂地下室和温彻斯特学院；约克、伦达尔桥的塔楼和东岸的建筑物；Bodiam城堡。案例研究的选择是根据洪水的危害，以及六个地区的遗产建筑和考古遗迹的年龄、材料、建筑技术、意义和历史文献的多样性。随着时间的推移，它们的持续存在使我们能够：通过观察过去对有记录的气候变化的适应，获得历史视角；调查对当前风险的影响；确定适应的紧迫性。研究任务包括：-调查研究区域的建筑物和利益相关者，以确定深入研究的选定建筑物-研究二手文献，以确定历史气候变化的意义-洪水和驱动降雨的概率分析和情景-激光扫描和不同尺度的建筑物修复-现场监测和实验室测试，以确定破坏阈值-水力和结构建模-弹性评估和适应措施的验证。-通过起草准则来推广和传播结果。

The proposal develops an interdisciplinary system to quantify risk of historic buildings and archaeological sites to driving rain and flooding as caused by climate change; it will evaluate structural vulnerability by defining adequate impact indicators and propose adaptation strategies classified by increased resilience against loss of significance. Project activities are set within the framework of risk management and uncertainty methods.The proposal addresses how the causes of damage or material change to cultural heritage can be better understood, and when is material change acceptable and damage unacceptable. This requires investigation of the nature of changes and transformation in materials and of the resilience and adaptation capacity of the built heritage. The objectives of the proposal are:- Definition of criteria and protocols to identify acceptable limits of damage; define consistent protocols for modelling material change; use of risk, monitoring and simulation to inform life-cycle and cost/benefits studies and new or improved conservation interventions.- Impact of flooding, rising water level, driving rain and thermal cycles on structural integrity of historic buildings and archaeological sites- Assessment of novel adaptation techniques to be implemented to enhance resilience of historic buildings and sites to climate change impacts. The collaboration of structural and environmental modellers and specialists in cultural heritage, working on specific case studies and supported by professional practitioners and the heritage institutional bodies, ensures robust results applicable in practice.Roughly dressed, rubble masonry, earth structures, infilled in timber frames, are the chosen constitutive materials as they are particularly vulnerable at joint and footing level to driving rain and flood. Hence effects of exacerbated structural damage caused by environmental agents can be successfully measured within the project timeframe. An overall approach based on extreme events statistical analysis and quantification of uncertainty will inform all aspects of the research, so that reliability will be in-built in the evaluation of the risk and adaptation measures The research will be case study based to facilitate direct feedback of results into practice. On-site monitoring and laboratory tests will be conducted, considering the combined effects of driving rain and flooding. The proposed case studies areas are: Tewkesbury, scheduled area at south end of town near the Abbey; Deerhurst, archaeological sites and significant historic buildings; Cottown, Perthshire, cob walls compromised by flooding; Winchester cathedral crypt and Winchester College; York, Lendal Bridge towers and buildings on the Eastern riverbank; Bodiam Castle. The case studies have been chosen according to flooding hazard and to the diversity of age, materials, construction techniques, significance and historical documentation of the heritage buildings and archeological remains in the six areas. Their continued occupation through time allows to: gain historical perspective by looking at past adaptations to documented climate changes; investigate effects on current risk; define urgency of adaptation. Research tasks cover:-Survey of buildings and stakeholders of study area to identify selected buildings for in depth study-Study of secondary literature to identify significance of historic climate change-Flood and driving rain probability analysis and scenarios- Laser scanning and restitution of the building at different scales -On site monitoring and lab testing to define damage thresholds-Hydraulic an structural modelling-Assessment of resilience and validation of adaptation measures. -Generalisation and dissemination of results through drafting of guidelines.