Philippe Henriot and the Last Act of Vichy: Radio Broadcasts, January-June 1944

菲利普·亨利和维希的最后一幕：广播，1944 年 1 月至 6 月

• 批准号: AH/H034072/1
• 负责人: Kay Chadwick
• 金额: $ 3.99万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH034072%2F1
• 关键词: Philippe; Henriot; Last; Act; Vichy

In times of war, the struggle for the control of information and for influence over minds represents a battleground just as central to the overall conflict as the combat zones themselves. Nowhere has propaganda played a more powerful role than in the theatre of war of 1939-1945, when a sustained propaganda war was fought between the Allies on the one hand, and Vichy and Berlin on the other, with radio as its principal weapon. On that stage, the most notorious and skilful French voice in the war of words belonged to Philippe Henriot, known as the 'French Goebbels'. Understanding the complexities, the methodology and the impact of Vichy's propaganda necessitates analysis and evaluation of the prominent part played by Henriot as the regime's official voice. A high-profile pro-collaboration propagandist from the early days of the Occupation, Henriot rose in January 1944 to become Minister for Information and Propaganda, just as Vichy entered its final and most disreputable stage. From then until his assassination by the Resistance on 28 June 1944, he delivered a relentless programme of 270 self-authored broadcasts on Radio Vichy, playing persistently on the fears and prejudices of a people suffering the pressures and anxieties inflicted by the events that were unfolding, and conversing in forthright terms with his broadcasting adversaries in London and Algiers. This is the role for which Henriot remains best known, on account of his mesmerising rhetoric and delivery. The broadcasts provide a valuable window on Vichy's endgame and an important insight into the themes and strategies of its propaganda. In 1944, Henriot's public presence was huge and he was a media star well before the modern concept had been developed. Whether they admired him or loathed him, the French, quite simply, could not escape him.Notwithstanding both Henriot's wartime status and the importance of the propaganda war in which he was a crucial player, his role has received little rigorous academic attention to date, and a significant gap therefore exists in French historical studies on the Second World War. This project addresses this deficiency and brings a key topic into the scholarly arena. Detailed archival investigations and the close reading of primary materials underpin the project, and are contextualised and informed by the extensive critical literature which exists both on Occupation France and on propaganda and its application in times of conflict. The Fellowship will produce two published outputs. First, a major Critical Edition - the first-ever complete collection of Henriot's 1944 broadcasts - supported by an extensive critical framework and disseminated as a freely accessible online resource. Its Introduction will explore Henriot's war of words directed both at the French and against the Allies. It will demonstrate the centrality of his propaganda to Vichy's programme, examine its methodology and dissemination, and evaluate its significance and reception both nationally and on the international stage. It will advance not only our knowledge of Henriot's specific wartime role and of the context in which he operated, but also our understanding of the function, application and impact of propaganda in wartime generally. A further major benefit of the Edition is that it will transform a currently rare and fragile resource into a permanent, public document, available for exploitation by scholars both within their own research for the advancement of specialist knowledge and for application within the education of students (see Academic Beneficiaries). Second, the Fellowship will produce a 3,000-word article, which will derive from the research undertaken for the Edition but which will be designed to engage with non-specialist audiences. The article will be written for a popular Francophone History magazine (the target is L'Histoire), and will thus complement the impact activity currently in preparation for wider Agnlophone audiences (see Impact Plan.)

在战争时期，争夺信息控制权和思想影响力的斗争，就像战区本身一样，是整个冲突的中心战场。在1939年至1945年的战争中，宣传发挥的作用比其他任何地方都要强大。当时，盟国与维希和柏林之间爆发了一场持续的宣传战，广播是其主要武器。在那个舞台上，在这场口水战中，最臭名昭著、技术最娴熟的法国人是菲利普·亨里奥特，他被称为“法国戈培尔”。要了解维希宣传的复杂性、方法和影响，就必须分析和评估亨里奥特作为政权官方代言人所发挥的突出作用。从占领初期起，亨里奥特就是一名高调的支持合作的宣传者，1944年1月，当维希进入最后也是最声名狼藉的阶段时，他晋升为新闻和宣传部长。从那时起，直到1944年6月28日被抵抗组织暗杀，他在维希电台发表了270次自我创作的广播节目，无情地讲述了一个承受着正在发生的事件造成的压力和焦虑的民族的恐惧和偏见，并与他在伦敦和阿尔及尔的广播对手进行了坦率的交谈。这是亨利奥特最广为人知的角色，因为他令人着迷的言辞和表达方式。这些广播为了解维希的结局提供了一个宝贵的窗口，并为其宣传的主题和策略提供了重要的洞察。1944年，亨里奥特在公众面前声名鹊起，早在现代概念形成之前，他就是一名媒体明星。无论是钦佩他还是厌恶他，法国人都无法逃避他。尽管亨里奥特在战争中的地位和他在宣传战中发挥的关键作用都很重要，但迄今为止，他的作用在学术上几乎没有受到严格的关注，因此，法国对第二次世界大战的历史研究存在着重大差距。该项目解决了这一不足，并将一个关键主题带入了学术舞台。详细的档案调查和对原始材料的仔细阅读是该项目的基础，并以大量关于占领法国和宣传及其在冲突时期的应用的批评文献为背景，并从中获得信息。该研究金将产生两项已出版的成果。首先，一个重要的评论版--亨里奥特1944年广播的第一个完整集合--由一个广泛的批评框架支持，并作为免费访问的在线资源传播。它的引言将探讨亨里奥特针对法国人和盟国的口水战。它将证明他的宣传对维希方案的中心地位，检查其方法和传播，并评估其在国内和国际舞台上的意义和接受度。它不仅将增进我们对亨利奥特在战时的具体作用和他所处的背景的了解，而且还将促进我们对战时宣传的功能、应用和影响的一般理解。该版本的另一个主要好处是，它将把目前稀有和脆弱的资源转变为永久的公共文件，供学者在自己的研究中利用，以促进专业知识的发展，并在学生的教育中应用(见学术受益者)。其次，研究金将编写一篇3000字的文章，这篇文章将源自为该版进行的研究，但将旨在吸引非专业受众。这篇文章将为一本受欢迎的法语国家历史杂志(目标是L的历史)撰写，因此将补充目前正在为更广泛的法语国家受众准备的影响活动(见影响计划)。

项目成果

Across the Waves: Philippe Henriot's Radio War with the Free French at the BBC

跨越波浪：菲利普·亨利在 BBC 与自由法国的广播战争

• DOI: 10.1215/00161071-1157358
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: French Historical Studies
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Chadwick K

Philippe Henriot and the Last Days of Vichy: Radio Broadcasts, January-June 1944

菲利普·亨利和维希的最后日子：广播，1944 年 1 月至 6 月

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Chadwick, Kay