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Transatlantic Abolitionism in the Age of Revolution, c. 1760-1833

革命时代的跨大西洋废奴主义，c。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I001379/1
负责人：
John Oldfield
金额：
$ 6.45万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI001379%2F1
关键词：
Transatlantic Abolitionism Age Revolution c.

项目摘要

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the means and processes whereby transatlantic slavery was brought to an end. As a result, we probably know more than we ever did about 'cultures of abolition', about the mobilisation of public opinion against slavery and the slave trade and about the emergence of abolition as a political force. In most cases, however, the context of this research is domestic or national. By contrast, the current proposal aims to rescale abolition and to place it in a larger setting, that is, the Atlantic world of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.From the first, abolitionists operated on a transatlantic basis. One thinks, for instance of the friendship between Granville Sharp and Anthony Benezet, which was forged during the 1770s, and the co-operative efforts between British, French and American abolitionists during the 1780s and 1790s, which set the pattern for transatlantic contacts and alliances that would persist into the nineteenth century. How did abolitionists on both sides of the Atlantic interact with one another? To what extent did they constitute a mutually supportive network? What challenges did they face? This research aims to answer these questions by looking at a number of areas of activity. The first of these is the circulation of ideas and information across and within the Atlantic world. Large numbers of abolitionist books and pamphlets were reprinted in the United States, for instance, as were many French texts. As a result, men like Thomas Clarkson became truly international figures. One aim of this research is to reconstruct these 'circuits of knowledge', thereby enabling us to understand how transatlantic abolitionism worked. Another is to explore how transatlantic abolitionist networks evolved over time, what sustained them, and the extent to which transatlanticism clashed with specific national agendas.Critical to this inquiry is the impact of war and revolution on transatlantic debates about slavery. I am particularly interested in the role of the Caribbean in these debates. The Caribbean was a region of increasing strategic significance to Britain and France, particularly after the 1791 slave rebellion in Saint Domingue. If anything war and revolution brought Britain and France into closer contact with their Caribbean colonies, in the process re-energising debates about the morality and purpose of slavery, as well as the morality and purpose of empire. In Britain, for instance, the French Revolutionary Wars (1793-1803) provoked a lively debate about the unhealthiness of the Caribbean climate and its association with disease, notably yellow fever. The unhealthiness of the Caribbean chimed with its moral and social decay, at least as viewed through the eyes of British observers, many of whom wrote and published damaging accounts of the region.Another aim of this research will be to explore the impact of war and revolution on slavery debates in France, from 1791 through to the 1830 Revolution. Here again, unfolding events in the Caribbean brought abolitionists together, just as they magnified the differences between them. American abolitionists, in particular, seemed to become more introspective after 1808, but even here the Caribbean had an impact. Indeed, the role of Emancipation (that is, the abolition of British colonial slavery in 1883) in promoting American abolitionism during the 1830s and 1840s is another dimension of what I have chosen to call transatlantic abolitionism.The research for this project will be undertaken on both sides of the Atlantic and draw on archive collections in London, New York and Philadelphia. It will also make use of prints and drawings and literary sources held in London (e.g. British Museum) as well as the US (e.g. Yale Centre for British Art), and draw on the work currently being undertaken at the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and Emancipation on European abolitionism.

近年来，人们对结束跨大西洋奴隶制的手段和进程越来越感兴趣。因此，我们可能比以往任何时候都更了解“废奴文化”，动员公众舆论反对奴隶制和奴隶贸易，以及废奴运动作为一种政治力量的出现。然而，在大多数情况下，这项研究的背景是国内或国家。与此相反，目前的提案旨在重新调整废除死刑的范围，并将其置于一个更大的背景下，即18和19世纪的大西洋世界，从一开始，废除死刑者就在大西洋彼岸活动。例如，我们可以想到18世纪70年代格兰维尔·夏普和安东尼·贝内泽之间的友谊，以及18世纪80年代和90年代英国、法国和美国废奴主义者之间的合作努力，这为跨大西洋的接触和联盟奠定了模式，这种模式一直持续到世纪。大西洋两岸的废奴主义者是如何相互影响的？它们在多大程度上构成了一个相互支持的网络？他们面临哪些挑战？这项研究旨在通过研究一些活动领域来回答这些问题。第一个是大西洋世界之间和内部思想和信息的流通。例如，大量废奴主义书籍和小册子在美国重印，许多法语文本也是如此。结果，像托马斯克拉克森这样的人成了真正的国际人物。这项研究的目的之一是重建这些“知识回路”，从而使我们能够理解跨大西洋废奴主义是如何运作的。另一个是探索跨大西洋废奴主义者网络如何随着时间的推移而演变，是什么支撑着他们，以及跨大西洋主义与特定国家议程的冲突程度，这一调查的关键是战争和革命对跨大西洋奴隶制辩论的影响。我对加勒比在这些辩论中的作用特别感兴趣。加勒比地区对英国和法国来说越来越具有战略重要性，特别是在1791年圣多明戈奴隶叛乱之后。战争和革命使英国和法国与他们的加勒比殖民地更紧密地联系起来，在这个过程中重新激发了关于奴隶制的道德和目的以及帝国的道德和目的的辩论。例如，在英国，法国大革命战争（1793-1803）引发了一场关于加勒比海气候不健康及其与疾病（尤其是黄热病）的关系的激烈辩论。加勒比地区的不健康与其道德和社会的堕落相吻合，至少在英国观察家的眼中是这样的，他们中的许多人撰写并发表了对该地区的破坏性报道。这项研究的另一个目的是探索从1791年到1830年革命期间，战争和革命对法国奴隶制辩论的影响。在这里，加勒比地区发生的事件再次将废奴主义者聚集在一起，正如他们放大了他们之间的差异一样。尤其是美国的废奴主义者，在1808年之后似乎变得更加内省，但即使在这里，加勒比海也产生了影响。事实上，19世纪30年代和40年代，“解放”运动（即1883年废除英国殖民地奴隶制）在推动美国废奴主义方面所起的作用，是我选择称之为“跨大西洋废奴主义”的另一个方面，本项目的研究将在大西洋两岸进行，并利用伦敦、纽约和费城的档案收藏。它还将利用在伦敦（如大英博物馆）和美国（如耶鲁大学英国艺术中心）保存的印刷品、绘画和文学资源，并借鉴威尔伯福斯研究所目前正在进行的关于欧洲废奴主义的奴隶制和解放研究。