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The Culture of Preservation. The afterlife of specimens between art and science since the eighteenth century

保护文化。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I001808/1
负责人：
Mechthild Fend
金额：
$ 4.3万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI001808%2F1
关键词：
Culture Preservation.afterlife specimens between

项目摘要

Context of the researchPrepared specimens appear in many guises: as stained and fixed tissue slices, as monstrous or typical organs preserved in formaldehyde and kept in glass jars not unlike pickled food, or as skilfully arranged stuffed animals. They may be found in cabinets of curiosities, in the laboratories of histologists, in anatomy theatres or in natural history collections, but nowadays equally in art galleries and the shop windows of fashionable boutiques. This project is concerned with such kinds of preserved natural objects, in particular with anatomical wet preparations and taxidermy since the eighteenth century. It will consider the hybrid status of these objects between nature and representation, art and science.Research on the material culture of science has been a thriving field in the history and anthropology of science for the past two decades. Recently scientific objects and images have also become of interest for historians of art and visual culture. The network will take these issues further by considering scientific objects with regards to their aesthetics and to their cultural significance. It will also consider the role artists played since the beginning of the twentieth century in calling attention to the aesthetics and politics of natural history museums and their objects.The network is a collaboration with several museum and collections, in particular The UCL Grant Museum for Zoology and medical collections; The Hunterian Museum, London; and The Museum of Natural History.Aims and objectivesThe research network takes a cross-disciplinary approach and aims to advance the exchange between zoologists, taxidermists, anatomical preparators, conservators, curators and scholars from various disciplines of the humanities as well as with artists. It will further the understanding of the transformation prepared specimens undergo from living organism to didactic object, collectible item or artwork, and of the processes these things are involved in as they are displayed and handled, conserved, re-arranged, or exposed to new audiences. These discussions shall lead to an interdisciplinary agenda in the understanding of scientific objects. The objective is to creatively think about ways of how to exhibit prepared specimens, in particularly sensitive materials, which means to address the ethical issues involved in the display of human remains. The research network aims to extend beyond the life of the grant and one of the agendas is to outline a proper exhibition on the topic.Potential applications and benefitsThe network will, for the first time, provide a multidisciplinary approach to prepared specimens, their history and material idiosyncrasies.Beneficiaries will be in particular:- Historians of science will benefit from the broadening of the perspective towards the aesthetic and cultural dimension of prepared specimens.- Art or cultural historians as well as artists will benefit from the engagement with prepared specimens as these objects challenge traditional notions of representation. The project will open a new field of art historical research and artistic practices, it will thus enrich these disciplines in general.- Museums, museologists and curators will benefit from the discussion of the ethical implications of the display of human remains and of new forms of exhibiting scientific objects.- Independent conservators or taxidermists are among the potential non-academic beneficiaries of the project. The question of how to deal with ephemeral organic substances is not limited to the field of scientific objects: Artists have been increasingly working with organic materials, and the preservation of art works that (were meant to) decay has become one of the most pressing questions also for museums, private galleries and the art market at large.

研究背景准备的标本以多种形式出现：作为染色和固定的组织切片，作为在甲醛中保存并保存在玻璃瓶中的怪物或典型器官，与腌制的食物相似，或者作为巧妙安排的填充动物。它们可能在古董柜中、在组织学家的实验室里、在解剖学剧院里或在自然历史收藏品中，但如今同样出现在艺术画廊和时尚精品店的橱窗里。该项目涉及这类保存下来的自然物品，特别是自18世纪以来的解剖湿准备和标本制作。它将考虑这些物体在自然和表现、艺术和科学之间的混合地位。在过去的二十年里，科学的物质文化研究一直是科学史和人类学中一个蓬勃发展的领域。最近，科学物体和图像也引起了艺术和视觉文化历史学家的兴趣。该网络将通过考虑科学对象的美学和文化意义来进一步解决这些问题。它还将考虑自20世纪初以来艺术家在唤起人们对自然历史博物馆及其物品的美学和政治学的关注方面所发挥的作用。该网络是与几个博物馆和收藏品的合作，特别是伦敦伦敦大学学院动物学和医学收藏品格兰特博物馆；伦敦猎人博物馆；以及自然历史博物馆。目的和对象研究网络采取跨学科的方法，旨在促进来自人文学科不同学科的动物学家、标本制作者、解剖学制作者、保护者、策展人和学者以及与艺术家之间的交流。它将进一步理解准备好的标本从活的有机体到教学对象、收藏品或艺术品的转变，以及这些东西在展示和处理、保存、重新排列或暴露给新观众时所涉及的过程。这些讨论将导致在理解科学对象方面形成跨学科议程。其目的是创造性地思考如何以特别敏感的材料展示准备好的标本，这意味着解决展示人类遗骸所涉及的伦理问题。研究网络的目标是超越赠款的有效期，其中一个议程是概述一个关于这个主题的适当展览。潜在的应用和好处该网络将首次对准备好的标本、它们的历史和材料特性提供多学科的方法。好处尤其是：-科学史学家将受益于对准备好的标本美学和文化层面的视角的拓宽。-艺术或文化历史学家以及艺术家将从与准备好的标本的接触中受益，因为这些物品挑战了传统的表现观念。该项目将开辟艺术史研究和艺术实践的一个新领域，从而从总体上丰富这些学科。-博物馆、博物馆学家和策展人将受益于关于展示人类遗骸和展示科学物品的新形式的伦理影响的讨论。-独立的保护者或标本制作人是该项目的潜在非学术受益者。如何处理短暂的有机物质的问题并不局限于科学对象领域：艺术家们越来越多地使用有机材料，保护(原本打算)腐烂的艺术作品也成为博物馆、私人画廊和整个艺术市场面临的最紧迫的问题之一。