AGE DIFFERENCES IN EPISODIC AND SEMANTIC MEMORY

情景记忆和语义记忆的年龄差异

• 批准号: 2882058
• 负责人: PHILIP A. ALLEN
• 金额: $ 17.66万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-08-05 至 2000-01-17
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2882058
• 关键词: age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; decision making; human old age (65+); human subject; language; memory; neural information processing; perception; performance; personal computers; psychological tests; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): The purpose of the proposed research is to test a theory of age differences in processing resources for semantic and episodic memory. Salthouse has hypothesized that processing speed is a processing resource. Allen has proposed that neural noise as measured by entropy provides an even more basic measure of age differences in processing resources. Specifically, increased neural noise reduces the available processing resources for cognitive processes. The goal of the present project is to determine why differential age differences occur for episodic and semantic memory tasks across peripheral and central processing stages by examining whether practice and/or task type affects these age differences. The present proposal contains eight experiments that are designed to determine how entropy (a measure of neural noise), processing speed, and processing accuracy are related to age differences in processing resources across different processing stages (peripheral vs. central) and tasks (episodic vs. semantic memory). Experiments 1-2 will examine the time-accuracy functions of healthy young and older adults on lexical decision and memory search tasks that vary exposure duration. Accuracy data will be used to derive entropy values. Experiments 3-4 will use Pashler's psychological refractory period paradigm to examine age differences in processing resources as the stimulus onset asynchrony is varied between two tasks (Experiment 3 will use dot location followed by a lexical decision task: Experiment 4 will use dot location followed by lexical decision or memory search tasks). Experiment 4 will also examine the effect of practice on age differences in processing resources by using four sessions per participant. Experiments 5-8 will consist of four within subject experiments in which the same stimuli (words or numbers) are used for both semantic and episodic memory tasks. Experiments 5-8 will rule out stimulus confounds that were present in earlier studies on this topic.

描述（改编自研究者摘要）： 一项被提议的研究是为了验证一个关于大脑处理过程中年龄差异的理论 语义和情景记忆的资源。 索尔特豪斯假设， 处理速度是处理资源。 艾伦提出， 用熵测量的噪声提供了一种更基本的年龄测量方法 处理资源的差异。 具体来说，增加的神经噪音 减少了用于认知过程的可用处理资源。 的 本项目的目标是确定为什么不同的年龄差异 发生在外周和中枢的情景和语义记忆任务中 通过检查练习和/或任务类型是否影响 这些年龄差异。 本提案包含八项实验， 被设计来确定熵（神经噪声的度量）， 加工速度和加工精度与年龄差异有关， 跨不同处理阶段的处理资源（外围设备与 中央）和任务（情节与语义记忆）。 实验1-2将 检查健康的年轻人和老年人的时间准确性功能， 词汇决定和记忆搜索任务，不同的曝光时间。 准确度数据将用于推导熵值。 实验3-4将 运用Pashler的心理不应期范式考察年龄 在处理资源的差异，作为刺激的起始时间是 在两个任务之间变化（实验3将使用点位置，然后是 词汇判断任务：实验4将使用点位置，然后是 词汇决定或记忆搜索任务）。 实验4还将考察 练习对使用加工资源的年龄差异的影响 每名参与者四节课。 实验5-8将包括四个 使用相同刺激（单词或数字）的主题实验 语义记忆和情景记忆任务的能力。 实验5-8将排除 刺激混淆，目前在这个问题的早期研究。