ADULT AGE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE NOISE

成人认知噪音的年龄差异

• 批准号: 3453467
• 负责人: PHILIP A. ALLEN
• 金额: $ 8.27万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-08-05 至 1996-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3453467
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; auditory stimulus; cognition disorders; disease /disorder model; human old age (65+); human subject; intelligence tests; language; memory; neural information processing; noise; perception; performance; space perception; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

The purpose of the experiments contained in the present research proposal is to examine empirically the impact of normal aging and abnormal aging (the impact of Alzheimer's disease) on perceptual matching, spatial recognition memory, and visual search tasks. The participants will be healthy young and older adults, and older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goals of the current project are to: (a) test the viability of an internal noise model of cognitive aging, (b) distinguish differences in cognitive functioning related to normal aging from those associated with AD. Experiments 1-3 will examine the performances of healthy young and older adults on perceptual matching tasks (Experiment 1 will also test AD patients). The relative speed and accuracy with which subjects respond to "same" and "different" trials will be used to test the validity of the internal noise model. Experiments 4-6 will examine age differences on a spatial, recognition memory task for order information (Experiment 4 will also test AD patients). The internal noise model of cognitive aging predicts that transposition distance should impact upon reaction time (RT) and/or accuracy. Specifically, Correct rejection RTs and/or false alarm errors should increase as transposition distance decreases, and this effect should be larger for older adults. Experiments 7 and 9 will use more "ecologically valid" task to examine age differences in spatial recognition memory. A "clock face" task will be used where the minute and/or hour hand(s) of a clock face will be shifted relative to where they originally appeared on part of the trials (Experiment 7 will also test AD patients). Experiment 8 will test healthy older adults and AD patients on three paper-and-pencil tasks in order to examine the impact of linguistic deficits, perseveration, and context on AD patients' typically poor performance on production tasks for spatial memory. Using a visual search task, Experiments 10-12 will vary the number of instances of a target letter (i.e., redundancy) on a given trial. Also, half the trials will involve perceptual noise. The internal noise model predicts that older adults should exhibit relatively larger redundancy effects for noise trials than for no-noise trials on this visual search task where redundancy is varied from one to three instances. If the current tasks can separate healthy older adults from AD patients (i.e., Experiments 1, 4, 7-8, and 10), then these tasks could be used as assessment tools for indexing AD.

本研究提案所载实验的目的 是经验性地检验正常老龄化和异常老龄化的影响 (阿尔茨海默病的影响)对知觉匹配、空间 识别记忆和视觉搜索任务。参与者将是 健康的年轻人和老年人，以及患有阿尔茨海默病的老年人 (Ad)。当前项目的目标是：(A)测试以下项目的可行性 认知老化的内部噪声模型，(B)区分差异 与正常衰老相关的认知功能 使用AD。 实验1-3将检验健康的年轻人和老年人的表现 进行知觉匹配任务的成年人(实验1也将测试AD 病人)。受试者做出反应的相对速度和准确度 “相同”和“不同”的试验将被用来检验 内部噪声模型。实验4-6将考察年龄差异 订单信息的空间再认记忆任务(实验4将 也测试AD患者)。认知老化的内噪声模型 预测换位距离将影响反应时间 (RT)和/或准确性。具体地说，纠正拒绝RTS和/或错误 报警误差应随着换位距离的减小而增加，并且 对于老年人来说，这种影响应该更大。实验7和实验9将 使用更“生态有效”的任务来检验空间上的年龄差异 识别记忆。将使用“时钟面”任务，其中分钟 和/或钟面的时针(S)将相对于 它们最初出现在部分试验中(实验7也将 测试AD患者)。实验8将测试健康老年人和阿尔茨海默病 对患者进行三项纸和笔任务，以检查影响 语言缺陷、毅力和语境对AD患者的影响 通常在空间记忆的生产任务中表现不佳。vbl.使用 作为一项视觉搜索任务，实验10-12将改变实例的数量 在给定试验中的目标字母(即，冗余)。此外，有一半的人 审判将涉及到知觉噪音。内部噪声模型预测 老年人应该表现出相对较大的冗余效应 在这种视觉搜索任务中，噪声试验比无噪声试验要好 冗余从一个实例到三个实例不等。如果当前任务 可以将健康的老年人与AD患者分开(即，实验1， 4、7-8和10)，则这些任务可以用作评估工具 正在为AD编制索引。