Heirs to the Throne in the Constitutional Monarchies of Nineteenth-Century Europe (1815-1914)

十九世纪欧洲君主立宪制国家的王位继承人（1815-1914）

• 批准号: AH/I021027/1
• 负责人: Frank Muller
• 金额: $ 66.68万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI021027%2F1
• 关键词: Heirs; Throne; Constitutional; Monarchies; Nineteenth

The constitutional monarchies of nineteenth-century Europe were a remarkable success story. In 1914 France, Portugal and Switzerland were the only republics in a continent of monarchies. Although the model 'Constitutional Monarchy' manifested itself differently in each nation, the concept had clearly established itself as a European norm. This had happened against the background of a dramatically changing environment: revolutions; growing literacy; an expanding public sphere sustained by a variety of media; political parties appealing to larger electorates; changes in Europe's social, economic, intellectual and technological life; imperial expansion and globalization. It points to the strength, suppleness and resourcefulness of monarchical systems that they flourished throughout this century of transformation.This research project will focus on the roles played by those waiting to come into the glittering inheritance of a European crown. It will pursue a comparative analysis of the heirs to the continent's thrones and offer new findings on the workings of the monarchical system. Because of the biological realities of hereditary rule, heirs to the throne were a crucial component. While they were anticipating the end of the current reign, crown princes such as Frederick William of Prussia, 'Bertie' Prince of Wales or Archduke Rudolf of Austria embodied both dynastic continuity and the inevitability of change. Depending on the specific political, cultural and constitutional contexts as well as on the individuals involved, they could consolidate or undermine the status quo, play momentous or insignificant roles, embody change or stasis.Notwithstanding this variety, heirs to the throne offer fascinating insights into the European norm. An investigation of the contribution they made to the functioning, malfunctioning, transformations and rigidities of the systems whose future pivoted on them helps us better to understand the politics and political cultures of monarchical Europe as well as the institutions and individuals that sustained the crowns.The project will build on the existing body of research tackling dimensions of nineteenth-century monarchy in the fields of media history, cultural history and transnational history. Rather than proceed biographically, the project will address thematic questions across several constitutional monarchies (Britain, France, Italy, Spain, the German states and Austria):- Did heirs to the throne stabilise monarchical systems by supporting the political status quo or by acting as a vehicle of hope for future change? Or were they corrosive of the current reign by crystallizing internal opposition?- What was the international role of heirs to the throne (e.g. through dynastic marriages, attendance at functions, travel, public diplomacy etc.)?- Did heirs to the throne function as intermediaries between the sovereign/governmental authority and the people? In what ways did they interact with different publics, parties, parliaments and the media? How important were new styles of princely comportment (embourgeoisement, folksiness) and the creation of a celebrity public image through various media?- What use was made of their public profile for the transmission of political messages?- Were heirs to the throne perceived as embodying generational change?- Were heirs to the throne engaged in generating 'soft power' and did networks (such as counter-courts or coteries) play a role here?- Can their roles be placed into Bagehot's categories of 'dignified' and 'efficient'?The project aims to explore the role of flexibility, resourcefulness, media acumen and societal integration in the success of nineteenth-century monarchies. It will invite a reconsideration of interpretations which emphasize their allegedly pre-modern, feudal, manipulative or oppressive elements and help to explain the continuing popularity of monarchical structures across many contemporary European societies.

19世纪欧洲的君主立宪制是一个非凡的成功故事。1914年，法国、葡萄牙和瑞士是欧洲大陆上仅有的三个君主制国家。虽然“君主立宪制”模式在每个国家的表现不同，但这一概念显然已成为欧洲的一种规范。这是在一个急剧变化的环境背景下发生的：革命;识字率不断提高;由各种媒体维持的公共领域不断扩大;吸引更多选民的政党;欧洲社会、经济、知识和技术生活的变化;帝国扩张和全球化。它指出了君主制的力量，柔软和足智多谋，他们在整个世纪的转变蓬勃发展。这个研究项目将集中在那些等待进入欧洲皇冠闪闪发光的继承所扮演的角色。它将对欧洲大陆王位继承人进行比较分析，并提供关于君主制运作的新发现。由于世袭统治的生物现实，王位继承人是一个关键组成部分。当他们预期当前统治的结束时，普鲁士的弗雷德里克·威廉、威尔士亲王“伯蒂”或奥地利的鲁道夫大公等王储既体现了王朝的连续性，也体现了变革的必然性。根据具体的政治、文化和宪法背景以及所涉及的个人，他们可能巩固或破坏现状，扮演重要或微不足道的角色，体现变革或停滞。尽管如此，王位继承人还是提供了对欧洲规范的迷人见解。调查他们对系统的运作、故障、转变和僵化所做的贡献，这些系统的未来取决于他们，这有助于我们更好地理解君主制欧洲的政治和政治文化，以及维持王冠的机构和个人。该项目将建立在现有的研究基础上，在媒体史领域处理十九世纪君主制的维度，文化史和跨国史。该项目将解决几个君主立宪制国家（英国，法国，意大利，西班牙，德国各州和奥地利）的主题问题，而不是以传记的方式进行：-王位继承人通过支持政治现状或作为未来变革的希望工具来稳定君主制？或者他们通过明确内部反对来腐蚀当前的统治？王位继承人的国际角色是什么（例如通过王朝婚姻，出席活动，旅行，公共外交等）？王位继承人是否充当主权/政府当局与人民之间的中间人？他们以何种方式与不同的公众、政党、议会和媒体互动？新的王子举止风格（贵族化、平民化）和通过各种媒体塑造名人公众形象有多重要？他们的公众形象在传递政治信息方面发挥了什么作用？王位继承人是否被认为是世代交替的体现？王位继承人是否参与了“软实力”的产生，网络（如反法庭或小圈子）是否在这里发挥了作用？他们的角色能被归为白芝浩的“有尊严”和“有效率”的类别吗？该项目旨在探索灵活性，足智多谋，媒体敏锐性和社会融合在十九世纪君主制成功中的作用。它将促使人们重新考虑那些强调其所谓的前现代、封建、操纵或压迫因素的解释，并有助于解释君主制结构在许多当代欧洲社会中的持续流行。

项目成果

Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom: The Duties of a Daughter-cum-Editor

英国比阿特丽斯公主：女儿兼编辑的职责

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Henderson Crane, J.

Dom Pedro V King of Portugal: The Sorcerer's Apprentice

葡萄牙国王唐·佩德罗五世：魔法师的学徒

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Jones, Ch.

Royal Heirs and the Uses of Soft Power in Nineteenth-Century Europe

十九世纪欧洲的皇室继承人和软实力的运用

• DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-59206-4_2
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Marchi M

'The Last and Best of her Race': The Varied Reaction on the Death of Princess Charlotte of Wales

“她的比赛的最后也是最好的”：威尔士公主夏洛特公主去世后的不同反应

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Henderson Crane, J.

How to educate a last minute heir: The Duchess of Kent and the Kensington System

如何教育最后一刻的继承人：肯特公爵夫人和肯辛顿体系

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Henderson Crane, J.