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North-South Irish Responses to Transnational Organised Crime

南北爱尔兰对跨国有组织犯罪的反应

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I022406/2
负责人：
Tomoya Obokata
金额：
$ 18.95万
依托单位：
Keele University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI022406%2F2
关键词：
North South Irish Responses Transnational

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to offer a critical analysis of action against organised crime in Northern Ireland the Republic of Ireland, with particular reference to cross-border co-operation. The project aims to fill some gaps in current research. For instance, there is no up-to-date and comprehensive study on cross-border co-operation to combat organised crime in the two jurisdictions. Also, while the research into some aspects of cross-border co-operation such as transnational policing exists, it falls short of providing an analysis of other key areas of legal co-operation such as execution of warrents, mutual recognition of judicial decisions and freezing of criminal assets. Finally, although much of the previous research on organised crime has been able to elucidate the key sociological or criminological issues such as the causes of organised crime and the nature of criminal organisations, they do not necessarily cover the key legal issues (e.g. a substantive and procedural criminal law, provisions for international co-operation, and the rights of defendants/suspects). The proposed research intends to address these points and contribute to the ongoing debates on cross-border co-operation over organised crime. The key research questions are: 1) How is organised crime defined and understood in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland? Do the definitions adopted by both jurisdictions reflect the ones provided by the European Union or the United Nations? If not, why not? 2) What are the key strategies and enforcement measures being adopted/implemented in these two jurisdictions?3) What provision is there to facilitate cross-border co-operation between these jurisdictions? Has that been assisted by the European Union or the United Nations? 4) What are the factors affecting the effective prevention and suppression of organised crime in these jurisdictions? Are these factors common to the two jurisdictions or particular to one?5) Is there a strong link between organised crime and terrorism in these jurisdictions, and Northern Ireland in particular? Are the law enforcement responses adequate to address this nexus? 6) What challenges are posed to the protection of human rights of citizens generally, including those suspected of organised crime and victims of it? 7) In light of the devolution of powers relating to criminal justice and policing in Northern Ireland, what are the key challenges facing authorities from both jurisdictions, particularly in relation to cross-border co-operation? 8) How are the regional (EU law) and international (UN Convention) standards translated and implemented in practice at the national level? In order to address these questions, the researchers will conduct in-depth desktop analysis of national legislation, policy/strategy papers published by governments, reports of non-governmental organisations and academic literature in the first instance. This will be complemented by a series of semi-structured interviews to be held with the key stakeholders, such as civil servants, law enforcement agencies, defence lawyers, victims of organised crime, as well as representatives of relevant European organisations such as Europol and Eurojust. Through these interviews, it is hoped that information obtained by desktop research will be verified, and the researchers will also be able to obtain other information which may not be available in the public domain, such as upcoming reforms of legislation, detailed crime statistics, and new initiatives.The research will be beneficial to academics beyond the discipline of law, such as criminology and other social science subjects. It is also relevant to the key stakeholders such as law enforcement officials, policy makers, officials of international organisations and members of civil society. In summary, it is hoped that the research will make some impact upon policy development in the field.

这项研究的目的是提供一个批判性的分析行动，打击有组织犯罪在北方爱尔兰共和国的爱尔兰，特别是跨境合作。该项目旨在填补目前研究中的一些空白。举例来说，我们并没有就两地在打击有组织罪行方面的跨境合作进行最新和全面的研究。此外，虽然对跨国警务等跨界合作的某些方面进行了研究，但福尔斯没有对法律的合作的其他关键领域进行分析，如执行命令、相互承认司法裁决和冻结犯罪资产。最后，虽然以前关于有组织犯罪的许多研究都能够阐明关键的社会学或犯罪学问题，例如有组织犯罪的原因和犯罪组织的性质，但它们不一定涵盖关键的法律的问题（例如实体和程序刑法、国际合作规定和被告/嫌疑人的权利）。拟议的研究旨在解决这些问题，并有助于正在进行的关于有组织犯罪的跨境合作的辩论。关键的研究问题是：1）如何定义和理解有组织犯罪在北方爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国？两个司法管辖区所采用的定义是否反映欧洲联盟或联合国所提供的定义？若否，原因为何？2)这两个司法管辖区正在采取/实施的主要战略和执法措施是什么？3)有何条文促进这些司法管辖区之间的跨境合作？这是否得到了欧洲联盟或联合国的协助？ 4)在这些司法管辖区，有哪些因素影响有效防止及遏止有组织罪行？这些因素是两个司法管辖区共有的还是一个司法管辖区特有的？5)在这些司法管辖区，特别是在北方爱尔兰，有组织犯罪与恐怖主义之间是否有密切联系？执法对策是否足以处理这一关系？6)在保护一般公民，包括有组织犯罪嫌疑人及其受害者的人权方面存在哪些挑战？7)鉴于北方爱尔兰刑事司法和警务方面的权力下放，两个司法管辖区的当局面临的主要挑战是什么，特别是在跨境合作方面？8)区域（欧盟法律）和国际（联合国公约）标准是如何在国家一级转化和实际执行的？为了解决这些问题，研究人员将首先对国家立法、政府发表的政策/战略文件、非政府组织的报告和学术文献进行深入的桌面分析。作为补充，还将与公务员、执法机构、辩护律师、有组织犯罪受害者以及欧洲刑警组织和欧洲司法组织等相关欧洲组织的代表等主要利益攸关方进行一系列半结构化访谈。通过这些访谈，希望能够对桌面研究所获得的信息进行核实，并使研究人员能够获得其他公共领域可能无法获得的信息，例如即将进行的立法改革、详细的犯罪统计数据和新的举措，这些研究将有益于法律学科以外的学术界，例如犯罪学和其他社会科学学科。它还与执法官员、决策者、国际组织官员和民间社会成员等主要利益攸关方有关。总之，希望本研究能对该领域的政策制定产生一定的影响。