Shooting Landscapes: the creation, management and use of grouse moorland in Yorkshire, 1750-2000

拍摄风景：约克郡松鸡沼泽地的创建、管理和使用，1750-2000 年

• 批准号: AH/I023058/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Finch
• 金额: $ 7万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Training Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI023058%2F1
• 关键词: Shooting; Landscapes; creation; management; use

The context of the research: The heather moorlands of the UK are an iconic, rare and distinct form of semi-natural upland landscape that have evolved since the end of the last Ice Age. However, their current extent and form, including their flora and fauna, are largely derived from their role as grouse moors within extensive shooting estates that became dominant in the nineteenth century. Today 90% of grouse moors fall within a National Park, AONB or carry some form of conservation designation: 66% of grouse moors are protected as SSSI. Much of the research directed at moorlands is concerned with the conservation and management of the ecosystems and habitats, particularly since the acidic peat soils have been shown to play an important role as carbon sinks. The landscape management and wildlife conservation issues affecting these upland landscapes are considerable and have been exacerbated by recent climatic changes. Moorlands are also a major element in the recent development of open access schemes. As such, moorland conservation is a key area of landscape management in the UK.Little research has been conducted into the recent history and archaeology of moorlands as cultural landscapes. A number of surveys recording prehistoric archaeology and the remains of industrial exploitation have been undertaken, but our understanding of moorlands as exclusive game landscapes is extremely limited. Initial studies have indicated the importance of the archaeology and landscapes associated with moorland shooting estates (Done and Muir 2001) but this has not been extended into a landscape analysis. This project is the first systematic attempt to record, interpret and present the archaeology of the modern moors, focusing on their management and use as landscapes for the elite pursuit of shooting. It will record the archaeology associated with shooting estates, such as butts, lodges, huts, stables, walls, boundary markers, as well as the impact their management for game had on landscape character. It will explore the social and economic dynamics of transition to and from exclusive shooting estates. As such it will make a major contribution to understanding about a crucial phase in the evolution of the heather moorlands, which in turn will inform current managment strategies and increase public awareness of the landscape resource. Aims and objectives:The project aims to understand and contextualise the archaeology associated with the exploitation of heather moorland as a habitat for game in the modern period and to assess its archaeological and environmental legacy to inform future interpretation and management. The project will record archaeological features associated with shooting estates; it will use, inter alia, historic maps, estate archives, game records, and environmental data to ascertain the impact of shooting estates upon the historic landscape character of the moors, including their historical ecology, since the beginning of the nineteenth century. It will also explore the impact of the estates and their decline on local communities and their economies. Potential applications and benefits: The research will: 1)be used by the AONB when putting together Higher Level Stewardship Schemes, to inform future strategies relating to the management of these unique landscapes.2)create a comprehensive record and mapping of related archaeological features to enable an assessment of the archaeological resource, informing management decisions. 3)be used to inform the development of an education and interpretation application to HLF, based on community involvement in conservation. 4)inform the management plan.5)be used to raise public awareness of historic landscape character and significance through public lectures, guided walks, web-resources, and leaflets on the archaeology of shooting estates. Done & Mui

研究背景：英国的石楠高沼地是一种标志性的，罕见的和独特的半自然高地景观形式，自上一个冰河时代结束以来已经演变。然而，它们目前的范围和形式，包括它们的植物群和动物群，在很大程度上是由于它们在世纪占主导地位的广泛射击场中作为松鸡沼泽的作用。今天，90%的松鸡沼泽地属于国家公园，AONB或进行某种形式的保护指定：66%的松鸡沼泽地被保护为SSSI。许多针对高沼地的研究涉及生态系统和生境的保护和管理，特别是因为酸性泥炭土已被证明作为碳汇发挥重要作用。影响这些高地景观的景观管理和野生动物保护问题相当严重，并因最近的气候变化而加剧。高沼地也是最近发展开放获取计划的一个主要因素。因此，高沼地保护是英国景观管理的一个关键领域。很少有人对高沼地作为文化景观的近代历史和考古学进行研究。许多调查记录史前考古和工业开发的遗迹已经进行，但我们的理解沼泽地作为独家游戏景观是非常有限的。最初的研究表明，考古学和景观与高沼地射击庄园（完成和缪尔2001年）的重要性，但这还没有扩展到景观分析。该项目是第一次系统地尝试记录，解释和呈现现代荒野的考古学，专注于他们的管理和使用，作为精英追求拍摄的景观。它将记录与射击庄园相关的考古学，如枪托，小屋，小屋，马厩，墙壁，边界标记，以及它们对游戏的管理对景观特征的影响。它将探讨社会和经济动态的过渡和从独家拍摄庄园。因此，它将作出重大贡献，了解石楠高沼地演变的关键阶段，这反过来又将告知当前的管理策略，并提高公众对景观资源的认识。目的和目标：该项目旨在了解和背景化与现代时期将石楠沼地开发为游戏栖息地相关的考古学，并评估其考古和环境遗产，为未来的解释和管理提供信息。该项目将记录与狩猎区有关的考古特征;除其他外，它将利用历史地图、庄园档案、狩猎记录和环境数据，以确定自世纪初以来狩猎区对摩尔人历史景观特征的影响，包括其历史生态学。它还将探讨庄园及其衰落对当地社区及其经济的影响。潜在的应用和好处：该研究将：1）AONB在制定更高级别的管理计划时使用，以告知与这些独特遗产管理有关的未来战略。2）创建相关考古特征的全面记录和映射，以评估考古资源，为管理决策提供信息。3）用于告知HLF的教育和解释应用程序的开发，基于社区参与保护。4)5）通过公共讲座、导游、网络资源和关于射击场考古学的传单，提高公众对历史景观特征和意义的认识。Done & Mui