Sex-specific fitness landscapes in the evolution of egg-laying vs live-birth

产卵与活产进化中的性别特异性适应性景观

• 批准号: NE/Y001672/1
• 负责人: Kathryn Elmer
• 金额: $ 102.41万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FY001672%2F1
• 关键词: Sex; specific; fitness; landscapes; evolution

The evolution of live-birth (viviparity) from egg-laying (oviparity) is regarded as one of biology's great and repeated transitions. Making and laying eggs, which develop and hatch externally is very different from giving birth to fully developed young. Not only the machinery of reproduction is involved, but also an assortment of ecological and life history strategies differ between egg-laying and live-bearing species. Even though it is a very complex evolutionary step, live-bearing has evolved many times in amniotes: once early in mammals and more than one hundred times in reptiles.While entire lineages fix in one state or the other, obviously only the reproductive adult females express oviparity or viviparity, i.e. lay eggs or give birth. However according to evolutionary theory, to some extent we expect all individuals in a population experience the consequences of being at intermediate phases that lie between two alternative and distinct adaptive states, such as egg-laying and live-bearing. We can predict - but have never tested - that sexes might respond differently to the life-history costs and benefits of being oviparous or viviparous, with potentially dramatic consequences for evolution. Case studies to finely disentangle the evolutionary and organismal biology of live-bearing, including intermediate phases, are vital if we are ever to infer what ecological conditions drive changes in reproductive mode. Our proposed project is highly interdisciplinary as it spans reproductive biology, physiology, genomics, and evolutionary theory. It is "blue-skies" discovery science, which is driven by deep curiosity about the animal diversity of the natural world and how it arose. Outcomes from this study will open new doors in our understanding of reproductive mode evolution and propel future research across biological systems. While mammals might seem far removed from lizards, in fact we have shown that there are deep shared genetic toolkits of live-bearing from mammals to reptiles. Consequently the genes and evolutionary forces we study in lizards also echo across many animal species, including humans.

活出生（体内）从卵子上卵（卵形）的演变被认为是生物学的伟大和反复过渡之一。在外部发展和孵化的产卵与生育完全发达的年轻人大不相同。不仅涉及繁殖的机制，而且各种生态和生活历史策略在卵子和活物种之间也有所不同。即使这是一个非常复杂的进化步骤，但现场活力在羊膜中发生了多次：哺乳动物早期，在爬行动物中超过一百次。虽然整个谱系在一个州或另一种状态下固定，但显然只有生殖成年女性表现出卵巢或活性，即产卵或产卵。然而，根据进化论，在某种程度上，我们期望人群中的所有个人都会经历在两个替代和不同适应状态（例如卵子上的卵子和现场）之间处于中间阶段的后果。我们可以预测 - 但从未进行过测试 - 男女可能对卵子或胎生的生活成本和收益有所不同，对进化产生了巨大后果。如果我们曾经推断哪些生态条件在生殖模式下驱动变化，则案例研究可很好地消除现场生物学的进化和生物学生物学，包括中间阶段。我们提出的项目是高度跨学科的，因为它涵盖了生殖生物学，生理学，基因组学和进化论。它是“蓝冰”的发现科学，它是对自然世界的动物多样性及其出现的深刻好奇心的驱动。这项研究的结果将在我们对生殖模式进化的理解中打开新的大门，并推动整个生物系统的未来研究。虽然哺乳动物似乎与蜥蜴脱离了远距离，但实际上，我们已经表明，从哺乳动物到爬行动物的实用生物具有深厚的共享基因工具包。因此，我们在蜥蜴中研究的基因和进化力也与包括人类在内的许多动物物种相呼应。