MAID in England: Modelling Archaeological Intervention Data for landscape interpretation and strategic planning in England

英国的 MAID：对英格兰景观解释和战略规划的考古干预数据进行建模

• 批准号: AH/I02433X/1
• 负责人: Timothy Darvill
• 金额: $ 6.91万
• 依托单位: Bournemouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Training Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI02433X%2F1
• 关键词: MAID; England; Modelling; Archaeological; Intervention

One of the biggest intellectual and methodological challenges facing archaeology today is how best to interpret and synthesize the huge and diverse body of site- and area-specific archaeological data that has accumulated over the past 20 years or so, and which continues to grow apace. Much of this information comes from development-led projects, surveys of various kinds using techniques such as aerial photography or geophysics, and the reporting of stray finds through the Portable Antiquities Scheme. For England alone more than 20,000 relevant interventions have been recorded since the introduction of PPG16 as a piece of planning policy guidance in 1990, but, surprisingly, the results have not yet been used to create synthetic views of past landscapes or strategic predictive models that can be used to inform future work. In areas such as the Thames Valley and A1/M1 corridor the scale of archaeological work is such that the evidence-base is changing weekly, while right across the country many landscapes are now known through multiple interventions at different scales and intensities. There is an urgent need for up-to-date information about the nature, scale, and meaning of all this archaeological data for effective deployment in the planning system and in the public interpretation of past societies and their geographies. It is a need recognized in the recently published National Heritage Protection Plan (English Heritage 2010) and one that English Heritage wishes to take forward in partnership with the academic community. The task before us is to integrate this wealth of information at various of scales to create new meaningful models of archaeological landscapes. Modelling Archaeological Intervention Data (MAID) aims to develop and test a map-based GIS tool for interpreting archaeological landscapes in England and providing secure underpinnings for planning the nature and extent of future investigations. Modelling will be grounded in the results of research-based and commercially-driven interventions (excavations, surveys, finds etc.), supplemented by the rich data-sets held in local Historic Environment Records (HERs). The widespread availability of GIS and of relevant digital spatial information (both archaeological and non-archaeological) provides the platform for this work. Although there have been attempts to develop predictive modelling in Europe and the US, these have tended to rely on dedicated surveys. The innovative aspect of this proposal is that it uses existing data as well as providing a dynamic means of integrating new data as it comes to light.The purpose of the tool will be to predict and characterise the archaeology of a given area thereby allowing a series of overlays to be produced which show the landscape and patterns of land-use at key periods in its development. Full use will be made of both positive (deposits relating explicitly to that period) and negative (the verified absences of deposits) data that starts with broad-picture perspectives but allows increasing levels of detail to be added as data-sets accumulate and new research is targeted towards specific questions and issues on the basis of predictions contained in the model. The tool will comprise a piece of computer software. Two case-study areas in central southern England will be used to thoroughly test the tool and associated systems. Supporting documentation will be assembled and its usefulness evaluated. As a preliminary, an in-depth investigation of modern HER data will be carried out to clarify the rationale for its collected, test its accuracy, and match it with observational results from field evaluations. To validate the theoretical underpinnings and methodology, selected data-sets will be time-sliced in terms of their creation as archaeological records so that the model can be run iteratively to see how the predictions from

考古学今天面临的最大的智力和方法论挑战之一是如何最好地解释和综合大量不同的遗址和地区考古数据，这些数据在过去20年左右的时间里积累起来，并继续快速增长。这些信息大部分来自开发主导的项目、使用航空摄影或地球物理等技术进行的各种调查，以及通过可移植文物计划报告流浪发现。仅就英格兰而言，自1990年引入PPG16作为一项规划政策指导以来，已记录了20,000多项相关干预措施，但令人惊讶的是，这些结果尚未被用于创建过去景观的综合视图或可用于指导未来工作的战略预测模型。在泰晤士河流域和A1/M1走廊等地区，考古工作的规模如此之大，以至于证据基础每周都在变化，而就在全国各地，许多景观现在是通过不同规模和强度的多种干预措施而被了解的。迫切需要关于所有这些考古数据的性质、规模和意义的最新信息，以便有效地部署在规划系统中，并在对过去的社会及其地理位置的公开解释中使用。这是最近出版的《国家遗产保护计划》(2010年英国遗产)中承认的一个需要，也是英国遗产希望与学术界合作推进的一个需要。摆在我们面前的任务是整合各种规模的这些丰富的信息，以创建新的有意义的考古景观模型。建立考古干预数据模型(MAID)旨在开发和测试一个基于地图的地理信息系统工具，用于解释英格兰的考古景观，并为规划未来调查的性质和范围提供可靠的基础。建模将以基于研究和商业干预(挖掘、调查、发现等)的结果为基础，辅之以当地历史环境记录(HERS)中保存的丰富数据集。地理信息系统和相关数字空间信息(考古和非考古)的广泛使用为这项工作提供了平台。尽管欧洲和美国一直在尝试开发预测模型，但这些努力往往依赖于专门的调查。这项建议的创新之处在于，它利用了现有数据，并提供了一种动态的方法来整合新数据。该工具的目的将是预测和描述某一地区的考古情况，从而生成一系列覆盖图，显示该地区发展过程中关键时期的景观和土地使用模式。将充分利用正(明确与该时期有关的存款)和负(经核实的存款缺失)数据，这些数据从宏观角度出发，但随着数据集的积累和根据模型中所载预测进行新研究针对具体问题和问题，可以增加越来越多的细节。该工具将包括一款计算机软件。英格兰中南部的两个案例研究区将被用来彻底测试该工具和相关系统。将汇编支持文件，并对其有用性进行评估。作为初步工作，将对现代HER数据进行深入调查，以澄清其收集的理由，测试其准确性，并将其与现场评估的观测结果相匹配。为了验证理论基础和方法，选定的数据集将根据它们作为考古记录的创建进行时间切片，以便模型可以迭代运行，以查看来自