Mapping the Medieval Countryside: The Fifteenth-Century Inquisitions Post Mortem

绘制中世纪乡村地图：十五世纪的死后宗教裁判所

• 批准号: AH/I027223/1
• 负责人: Michael Hicks
• 金额: $ 67.28万
• 依托单位: University of Winchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI027223%2F1
• 关键词: Mapping; Medieval; Countryside; Fifteenth; Century

Inquisitions post mortem (IPMs) are records of the lands held at their deaths by tenants of the crown. They are the single most important source for the study of landed society in later medieval England and, to a lesser extent, of Tudor and Stuart England. Thousands survive in The National Archives at Kew. Those for the years 1236-1447 and 1485-1509 have been calendared in 29 large volumes (CIPMs). These volumes are highly expensive and difficult to manipulate in the ways required by modern scholarship and now feasible using computer technology.This project is a collaborative venture by Prof Michael Hicks of the University of Winchester and the Centre for Computing in the Humanities at King's College London. Priority is being given to the electronic publication, wider dissemination, and enhancement to the best modern standards of CIPMs already published. There have been three smaller projects funded by the Marc Fitch Fund, the University of Winchester, and the British Academy that have established the feasability of what is proposed. The project builds on CCH's vast experience and expertise arising from the Fine Rolls and Gascon Rolls projects.This project will digitise all the CIPMs (1236-1447, 1485-1509) and publish them on open access on British History Online to make them much more widely accessible to any researcher anywhere in the world.For no period are IPMs more important than the fifteenth century, which has been described as 'one of the most formative but least researched periods in English agrarian history' (Campbell, 1993). Fortunately the most recent volumes spanning 1399-1447 have been calendared to the highest standards to meet the most demanding requirements of modern historians . This project will enhance these volumes as necessary with sophisticated structural and semantic markup that will enable analysis and mapping of their content and thus convert them into a digital interface that operates as a web-mounted interactive database linked to a mapping system. This will permit sophisticated searching, analysis, and visualisation through maps of all the data that currently is almost unusable. This will place this material and the study of the medieval countryside on a radically improved footing.The project will include a full source study that will test the reliability of the data and establish where it is to be trusted and where discounted. IPMs copied from earlier documents will be identified, thus enabling them to be excluded from calculations. Two in-depth case studies will demonstrate the value and potential fof the IPM data and will provide guidance on how such material can be most effectively used. There will be a conference of invited experts that will generate a guide to future users for publication both online and as hard copy.The project will make a major contribution to understanding of English rural society in the first half of the fifteenth century. It will enable well-known developments in agrarian history, such as the shift from arable to pasture, to be traced in much greater detail. It will enable historians to trace in detail the changing value of land and the changing shape of aristocratic incomes, It will provide vital insight into the strategies used by families to preserve and parcel out their inheritances in a period when demographic decline led to a considerable increase in female and collateral heirs. It will promote more detailed and extensive research on the identities and activities of the jurors whose verdicts formed the basis of IPMs, and thus on the rural 'middling sort' in the fifteenth century.Following the completion of this project, it is intended to enhance the electronic text of the other published volumes to the same standard so that they too can be fully exploited.

验尸官（Inquisitions Post Mortem，IPM）是王室佃户在他们死后所持有的土地的记录。它们是研究中世纪晚期英格兰土地社会的唯一最重要的资料来源，也是研究都铎王朝和斯图亚特王朝的最重要资料来源。在基尤的国家档案馆里，有数千件保存下来。这些年1236-1447和1485-1509已被列入29大卷（CIPMs）。这些卷是非常昂贵的，很难按照现代学术所要求的方式进行操作，现在使用计算机技术是可行的。这个项目是温彻斯特大学的Michael Hicks教授和伦敦国王学院人文科学计算中心的合作项目。优先考虑的是电子出版、更广泛的传播和提高已出版的CIPM的最佳现代标准。马克·惠誉基金会、温彻斯特大学和英国科学院资助了三个较小的项目，这些项目已经确定了所提出的建议的可行性。该项目建立在CCH从精细辊和Gascon辊项目中获得的丰富经验和专业知识的基础上。（1236-1447，1485-1509），并将它们在英国历史在线上开放获取，使它们更广泛地为世界任何地方的任何研究人员所访问，因为没有哪个时期的IPM比十五世纪更重要，这一时期被描述为“英国农业史上最具形成性但研究最少的时期之一”（坎贝尔，1993）。幸运的是，1399年至1447年的最新卷已经达到了最高标准，以满足现代历史学家最苛刻的要求。该项目将在必要时加强这些卷，增加复杂的结构和语义标记，以便能够对其内容进行分析和绘图，从而将其转换成数字界面，作为与绘图系统相连的网上互动数据库。这将允许复杂的搜索，分析和可视化，通过地图的所有数据，目前几乎是不可用的。这将使这些材料和对中世纪乡村的研究有一个根本性的改善。该项目将包括一个完整的源研究，将测试数据的可靠性，并确定哪些地方值得信任，哪些地方不值得信任。从早期文件复制的IPM将被识别，从而使其能够从计算中排除。两项深入的案例研究将展示虫害综合防治数据的价值和潜力，并将为如何最有效地利用这些材料提供指导。将举行一次特邀专家会议，为未来的用户编写一份指南，以在线和硬拷贝形式出版。该项目将对了解十五世纪上半叶的英国农村社会作出重大贡献。它将使农业历史上众所周知的发展，如从耕地到牧场的转变，得以更详细地追溯。它将使历史学家能够详细追踪土地价值的变化和贵族收入的变化形式，它将为家庭在人口下降导致女性和旁系继承人大量增加的时期保护和分配遗产所使用的策略提供重要的见解。它将促进对陪审员的身份和活动进行更详细和更广泛的研究，这些陪审员的裁决构成了IPM的基础，因此也促进了对15世纪农村“中产阶级”的研究。