CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE & PTSD ACROSS URBAN SETTINGS

儿童遭受暴力的情况

• 批准号: 6087699
• 负责人: FELTON James EARLS
• 金额: $ 134.02万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-02-01 至 2001-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6087699
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; caregivers; child (0-11); child abuse; child psychology; clinical research; community; depression; epidemiology; hormone regulation /control mechanism; household; human subject; hypothalamic pituitary axis; interview; longitudinal human study; posttraumatic stress disorder; racial /ethnic difference; social psychology; urban area; violence

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Under auspices of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, 6,000 males and females, having the initial ages 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16, and residing in 80 neighborhoods in Chicago will be assessed, along with their caregivers, in annual home-based sessions over a 4 year period. These six age groups constitute separate overlapping cohorts which will be studied simultaneously in a single longitudinal design. The assessments of these children will ascertain the source, frequency, and severity of their exposure to violence and the consequences of such exposure for subsequent psychiatric disorder, social, psychological, physiological, and academic functioning. An important feature of the longitudinal cohort design is that it is embedded in a community study of the social organization of neighborhoods, schools and families that has yielded multi-level, multi-method measures of ambient violence within each of these social contexts. The consolidation of longitudinal and community designs is the product of several years of advance work by an interdisciplinary group of researchers in which theoretically derived measures of neighborhood social organization have been achieved, the analytic methods for studying multi-level, longitudinal designs developed and tested, and a comprehensive protocol for measuring individual and family level risk factors composed and piloted. The aims of the study are of both a descriptive and analytic nature. The descriptive goals are to determine the prevalence and correlates of exposure to violence and PTSD in the context of a large urban environment varying markedly in the social class and ethnic group compositions of its neighborhoods. The analytic aims relate to an examination of the causal links between exposure to violence and PTSD and other psychiatric disorders, as well as to an investigation of the consequences of such exposure for the cognitive, social, and academic functioning of children. To augment this population-level analysis, a detailed assessment will be conducted of a subsample characterized by exposure to either acute or chronic violence. The focus of this effort will be on understanding the role that adrenal regulation of stress, as reflected in salivary levels of cortisol, plays in mediating the consequences of traumatic experiences. The study promises to advance current understanding of the causes and prevention of PTSD in children and to improve the planning and efficacy of health promotion and violence prevention activities at the local community level.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：在主持下， 芝加哥社区人类发展项目，6 000名男性和 女性，初始年龄为1、4、7、10、13和16岁，居住在80 芝加哥的社区将被评估，沿着他们的照顾者， 4年内每年举行一次家庭会议。 这六个年龄段 构成单独的重叠队列，将同时进行研究 在单个纵向设计中。 对这些儿童的评估将 确定他们遭受暴力的来源、频率和严重程度 以及这种暴露对随后的精神障碍的后果， 社会、心理、生理和学术功能。 一个 纵向队列设计的一个重要特征是它是嵌入式的， 在一项社区研究中， 和家庭，产生了多层次，多方法的措施， 这些社会背景下的暴力行为。 巩固 纵向和社区设计是几年的产物， 一个跨学科研究小组的工作， 从理论上推导出的邻里社会组织的衡量标准， 实现了多层次、纵向研究的分析方法 开发和测试的设计，以及用于测量的全面协议 制定并试行个人和家庭层面的风险因素。 本研究报告的目的既是描述性的，也是分析性的。 的 描述性目标是确定暴露的患病率和相关性 暴力和创伤后应激障碍在一个大的城市环境中， 在社会阶级和种族群体的组成， 邻里关系 分析的目的涉及到对因果关系的考察 接触暴力与创伤后应激障碍和其他精神疾病之间的联系， 以及调查这种暴露对 儿童的认知、社会和学业功能。 为了增强这一点， 人口水平分析，将进行详细评估， 以暴露于急性或慢性暴力为特征的子样本。 这项工作的重点将是了解肾上腺皮质激素的作用， 压力的调节，反映在唾液皮质醇水平上， 调解创伤经历的后果。 这项研究有望促进目前对原因的理解， 预防儿童创伤后应激障碍，并改善 在当地社区开展促进健康和预防暴力活动 水平