CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE & PTSD ACROSS URBAN SETTINGS

儿童遭受暴力的情况

• 批准号: 6322359
• 负责人: FELTON James EARLS
• 金额: $ 95.16万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-02-01 至 2002-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6322359
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; caregivers; child (0-11); child abuse; child psychology; clinical research; community; depression; epidemiology; hormone regulation /control mechanism; household; human subject; hypothalamic pituitary axis; interview; longitudinal human study; posttraumatic stress disorder; racial /ethnic difference; social psychology; urban area; violence

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Under auspices of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, 6,000 males and females, having the initial ages 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16, and residing in 80 neighborhoods in Chicago will be assessed, along with their caregivers, in annual home-based sessions over a 4 year period. These six age groups constitute separate overlapping cohorts which will be studied simultaneously in a single longitudinal design. The assessments of these children will ascertain the source, frequency, and severity of their exposure to violence and the consequences of such exposure for subsequent psychiatric disorder, social, psychological, physiological, and academic functioning. An important feature of the longitudinal cohort design is that it is embedded in a community study of the social organization of neighborhoods, schools and families that has yielded multi-level, multi-method measures of ambient violence within each of these social contexts. The consolidation of longitudinal and community designs is the product of several years of advance work by an interdisciplinary group of researchers in which theoretically derived measures of neighborhood social organization have been achieved, the analytic methods for studying multi-level, longitudinal designs developed and tested, and a comprehensive protocol for measuring individual and family level risk factors composed and piloted. The aims of the study are of both a descriptive and analytic nature. The descriptive goals are to determine the prevalence and correlates of exposure to violence and PTSD in the context of a large urban environment varying markedly in the social class and ethnic group compositions of its neighborhoods. The analytic aims relate to an examination of the causal links between exposure to violence and PTSD and other psychiatric disorders, as well as to an investigation of the consequences of such exposure for the cognitive, social, and academic functioning of children. To augment this population-level analysis, a detailed assessment will be conducted of a subsample characterized by exposure to either acute or chronic violence. The focus of this effort will be on understanding the role that adrenal regulation of stress, as reflected in salivary levels of cortisol, plays in mediating the consequences of traumatic experiences. The study promises to advance current understanding of the causes and prevention of PTSD in children and to improve the planning and efficacy of health promotion and violence prevention activities at the local community level.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：在 芝加哥社区人类发展项目，6,000 名男性和 女性，初始年龄为1、4、7、10、13、16岁，居住在80岁 芝加哥的社区及其护理人员将接受评估 为期 4 年的年度家庭会议。 这六个年龄段 构成将同时研究的单独重叠群组 在单一纵向设计中。 对这些孩子的评估将 查明他们遭受暴力的来源、频率和严重程度 以及这种暴露对随后的精神疾病的后果， 社会、心理、生理和学术功能。 一个 纵向队列设计的一个重要特征是它嵌入 在社区、学校社会组织的社区研究中 以及对环境进行多层次、多方法测量的家庭 这些社会背景下的暴力。 的整合 纵向和社区设计是多年来的产物 跨学科研究小组推进工作，其中 理论上得出的邻里社会组织的衡量标准 实现了多层次、纵向研究的分析方法 开发和测试的设计以及用于测量的综合协议 个人和家庭层面的风险因素构成并进行了试点。 研究的目的既具有描述性又具有分析性。 这 描述性目标是确定暴露的患病率和相关性 大城市环境中暴力和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的影响各不相同 其社会阶层和种族群体的构成尤为明显 社区。 分析的目的涉及对因果关系的检查 接触暴力与创伤后应激障碍和其他精神疾病之间的联系， 以及调查此类暴露对 儿童的认知、社会和学业功能。 为了增强这一点 人口层面的分析，将进行详细的评估 子样本的特征是遭受急性或慢性暴力。 这项工作的重点是了解肾上腺的作用 唾液皮质醇水平反映的压力调节作用 调解创伤经历的后果。 该研究有望增进目前对原因的理解和 预防儿童创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 并提高治疗计划和效率 当地社区的健康促进和暴力预防活动 等级。