GENETIC STRUCTURE OF CHAGAS DISEASE VECTOR--GUATEMALA

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DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a leading cause of heart disease in Latin America. The parasite is transmitted to humans and animals in the feces of triatomine vectors. Effective drugs (beyond the initial acute phase of the disease) or vaccines are not available. However, recent efforts at controlling the vectors in South America have effectively blocked transmission of Chagas in several countries. These control efforts were aided by knowledge of the population genetics of the vector. Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus are the two most important Chagas vectors in Guatemala. Triatoma dimidiata is of special concern for control efforts since it is widespread in Guatemala and its presence in both sylvatic and domestic habitats means it can re-colonize fumigated houses from sylvatic reservoirs. Despite its importance as a Chagas vector, nothing is known about the population genetics of Triatoma dimidiata. An understanding of the population genetics would reveal rates of migration, breeding structure and gene flow and possibly genetic differences between vector subpopulations. These studies will provide information essential to designing effective vector control strategies to interrupt transmission of this parasite and thus reduce the incidence of heart disease in Latin America.