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SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON DISPERSAL IN MALES AND FEMALES

社会对男性和女性传播的影响

基本信息

批准号：
2823373
负责人：
Nancy Gail Solomon
金额：
$ 10.5万
依托单位：
MIAMI UNIVERSITY OXFORD
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1999-05-01 至 2003-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2823373
关键词：
aggression animal communication behavior behavior prediction behavioral /social science research tag cues environmental stressor ethology gender difference human migration inbreeding olfactory stimulus reproduction sex behavior social behavior social competition socioenvironment territoriality vole

项目摘要

Factors that influence reproductive success may act through their influence on dispersal and selection for audible territory. The social environment of mammals such as stress from interactions with same-sex conspecifics or stimulation by members of the opposite sex may affect the probability of success in there endeavors but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Furthermore, the social environment may affect males and females in the same or in different ways. The aim of this study is to examine alternative hypotheses about whether or not there is a gender difference in the cues that influence emigration and immigration. The intra sexual competition hypothesis predicts that same-sexconspecifics will induce emigration but prevent immigration. In contrast, the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis predicts that opposite- sex conspecifics should induce emigration. The mate access hypothesis may work in conjunction with either of the two previous hypotheses and predicts that individuals will emigrate if there are no potential mates in the social group. Finally, the conspecific cuing hypothesis predicts that individuals will immigrate into territories containing same-sex conspecifics because their presence indicates that the territory is suitable. To test these hypotheses, I will examine preferences of young and mature female and male pine voles to different of olfactory and social cues in series of laboratory experiments. Lab experiments also will be conducted to examine responses of female and male residents to visitors of different sexes and age classes. Finally, I propose to examine the effects of group composition on intergroup transfer in lab and field experiments. I will test whether reproductive vacancies affect movement and whether the gender of remaining group members influences the timing and gender of immigrants. The long-term objectives of this research are to understand the factors involved in social control of behavior as well as to begin to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying these. Studies like the ones proposed here would allow me to examine the relationship between social interactions and dispersal, which ultimately affects the probability of reproduction. Interactions with conspecifics can also be important in the expression of gender-related behavior; this study will provide a model to access reproductive strategies in males and females.

影响繁殖成功的因素可能通过它们对可听领地的分散和选择的影响而起作用。哺乳动物的社会环境，如与同性个体互动的压力或异性成员的刺激，可能会影响其努力成功的概率，但其中的机制尚未得到很好的理解。此外，社会环境可能以相同或不同的方式影响男性和女性。本研究的目的是检验关于影响移民和移民的线索是否存在性别差异的其他假设。性别内竞争假说预测，同性同一性会导致移民，但会阻止移民。相比之下，近亲繁殖避免假说预测异性异种应该引起移民。配偶获取假说可能与前两种假说中的任何一种相结合，并预测如果社会群体中没有潜在的配偶，个体将会移民。最后，同种暗示假说预测，个体将会移民到有同性同种的地区，因为它们的存在表明该地区是合适的。为了验证这些假设，我将在一系列的实验室实验中研究年轻和成熟的雌性和雄性松田鼠对不同嗅觉和社会线索的偏好。实验室实验也将进行，以检查女性和男性居民对不同性别和年龄阶层的游客的反应。最后，我建议在实验室和实地实验中检验群体组成对群体间迁移的影响。我将测试生殖空缺是否影响迁移，以及剩余群体成员的性别是否影响移民的时间和性别。这项研究的长期目标是了解社会控制行为的相关因素，并开始了解这些因素背后的生理机制。像这里提出的研究将使我能够检验社会互动和分散之间的关系，这最终会影响繁殖的可能性。与同种个体的互动在性别相关行为的表达中也很重要；本研究将为雄性和雌性生殖策略的获取提供一个模型。