Civilising Marriage: Matrimony and the State in Imperial Germany, 1870-1914

文明婚姻：德意志帝国的婚姻与国家，1870-1914 年

• 批准号: AH/J00751X/1
• 负责人: Julia Moses
• 金额: $ 7.88万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ00751X%2F1
• 关键词: Civilising; Marriage; Matrimony; State; Imperial

My proposed research consists of two main elements:i) There has been little research - and no work on Germany - on the role of legislation in defining the norms and practices pertaining to modern marriage. Nonetheless, marriage has been at the core of governmental policies targeting the social sphere. It holds the potential to define societal norms, not only delineating 'insiders' from 'outsiders', but also securing the role of the state as the final arbiter in matters related to the family.Germany, in particular, stands as an ideal optic into these issues. After it unified in 1871, Germany stood as a multi-ethnic empire; it consisted not only of a variety of culturally disparate regions, but it also included a heterogeneous domestic population, with substantial numbers of Catholics, Protestants, Jews and Poles - as well as numerous minority groups -, in addition to a growing overseas empire with a variety of further populations to administer. Moreover, it remained marked by its pre-unification heritage, with a variety of legal traditions across the German states, each of which dealt with issues related to marriage in a unique way. In addition, as a state at the very centre of Europe, its experiences in governing marriage were directly intertwined with those of neighbouring states, through cross-border migration, the transnational discussions of experts in a variety of disciplines and international treaties - the Hague Conference in 1902, for example, addressed the question of international standards for recognising what counted as 'marriage'. Finally, as a new country, Germany was in the midst of a process of intensive state building after national unification, and marriage was one of many issues which the state targeted in order to assert its hegemony over social and political life.During the ECF, I would therefore examine debates about adopting the 1875 law on civil marriage - which stripped the right of churches from administering the sacrament in a way that was recognised by the state - and the everyday experiences of implementing the new policy as a case study for a broader issue: the role of - and limitations on - the state in dictating societal norms. In particular, I would focus on national debates in the public-political sphere as well as local and regional experiences with implementing the policy, examining three regional case studies as well as a number of transnational disputes that are particularly relevant for these issues. In this respect, this project speaks directly to the AHRC's current Highlight Notice on 'Translating Cultures', as it examines how Germany dealt with a variety of differing practices related to marriage throughout its vast and expanding empire.With this study, I hope to lay the groundwork for a larger project, which I will develop after the conclusion of the ECF, on the relationship between marriage and the state in Imperial Germany from the 1870s until the outbreak of the First World War. I expect the ECF will enable me to develop my new research in this important domain by allowing me to undertake a pilot project towards what I anticipate will become my second academic monograph. By allowing me to pave the way for a substantial new research project, the fellowship would therefore contribute significantly to my academic profile, establishing me more confidently in the field of modern European history.ii) Professionals and policy makers working on issues related to marriage law, as well as the broader public, have limited access to historical information on ideas about the role of legislation in defining the purposes and practices of marriage. I would like to increase awareness of the historical context and engage in dialogue with those currently working in professional and policy-making fields. Moreover, I would like to make my research available to a wider audience, shedding historical light on what remains a topical issue.

我提议的研究包括两个主要内容：i）关于立法在定义现代婚姻规范和实践方面的作用的研究很少，也没有针对德国的研究。尽管如此，婚姻一直是政府社会领域政策的核心。它具有定义社会规范的潜力，不仅可以区分“内部人”与“外部人”，而且还可以确保国家在家庭相关事务中作为最终仲裁者的角色。尤其是德国，是研究这些问题的理想视角。 1871 年统一后，德国成为一个多民族帝国。它不仅由各种文化不同的地区组成，而且还包括异质的国内人口，其中有大量的天主教徒、新教徒、犹太人和波兰人，以及众多的少数民族群体，此外还有一个不断壮大的海外帝国，需要管理更多的人口。此外，它仍然保留着统一前的遗产，德国各州有多种法律传统，每个州都以独特的方式处理与婚姻有关的问题。此外，作为欧洲正中心的国家，它在婚姻治理方面的经验与邻国的经验直接交织在一起，通过跨境移民、各学科专家的跨国讨论和国际条约——例如1902年的海牙会议，解决了承认什么是“婚姻”的国际标准问题。最后，作为一个新国家，德国在国家统一后正处于密集的国家建设过程中，婚姻是国家为了维护其对社会和政治生活的霸权而针对的众多问题之一。因此，在ECF期间，我将研究有关通过1875年民事婚姻法的辩论——该法剥夺了教会以国家认可的方式管理圣礼的权利——以及作为案例实施新政策的日常经验 研究更广泛的问题：国家在规定社会规范方面的作用和限制。我将特别关注公共政治领域的全国性辩论以及实施政策的地方和区域经验，研究三个区域案例研究以及与这些问题特别相关的一些跨国争端。在这方面，这个项目直接回应了 AHRC 当前关于“翻译文化”的重点通知，因为它研究了德国在其庞大且不断扩张的帝国中如何处理与婚姻相关的各种不同做法。通过这项研究，我希望为一个更大的项目奠定基础，我将在 ECF 结束后开发这个项目，研究从 1870 年代到第一次世界大战爆发期间德意志帝国婚姻与国家之间的关系。我希望 ECF 能够让我开展一个试点项目，以期成为我的第二本学术专着，从而能够在这个重要领域开展新的研究。通过让我为一个实质性的新研究项目铺平道路，该奖学金将对我的学术形象做出重大贡献，使我在现代欧洲历史领域更加自信。ii) 致力于婚姻法相关问题的专业人士和政策制定者以及更广泛的公众，获得有关立法在定义婚姻目的和实践方面的作用的历史信息的机会有限。我想提高对历史背景的认识，并与目前在专业和政策制定领域工作的人们进行对话。此外，我希望将我的研究成果提供给更广泛的受众，为仍然是一个热门问题提供历史线索。

项目成果

The State of Marriage: Progress or Decay?

婚姻状况：进步还是衰落？

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: History Matters
• 作者: Moses, J. M.

Family Politics moves Centre Stage in Germany ahead of Election

选举前家庭政治成为德国舞台中心

• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: The Conversation
• 作者: Moses, J. M.

Marriage, Law and Modernity: Global Histories

婚姻、法律与现代性：全球历史

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: []

The Marrying Kind? Marriage, Freedom and the State in Modern Britain

已婚类型？

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: []