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Greek in Italy: investigating the linguistic effect of the long-term presence of Greek speakers on the languages of Ancient Italy.

意大利的希腊语：调查说希腊语的人的长期存在对古意大利语言的语言影响。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/K007599/1
负责人：
James Clackson
金额：
$ 71.19万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FK007599%2F1
关键词：
Greek Italy investigating linguistic effect

项目摘要

In the course of the first millennium BC Greek sailors, traders and colonists visited and settled in the Italian peninsula in increasing numbers. So much so, that the southern half of Italy became known as 'Big Greece', both by Romans (Magna Graecia) and Greeks (Megale Hellas). Greeks brought with them urban living, religion and wine drinking, together with the alphabet and its associated uses. Some cities of Italy, including Naples, Rhegium and Tarentum, remained Greek speaking under Roman rule. Substantial archaeological and textual discoveries in the last three decades have opened up our knowledge of the Greeks in Italy and the native societies they encountered, but there has been no complete study of the impact made by Greek on indigenous languages. This project aims to fill this gap, and will consider the nature and outcomes of contact between Greeks and speakers of the various native languages of ancient Italy, investigating the changes on the languages themselves, and relating linguistic interactions to social and political factors. This project will bring a new approach to the study of the impact of Greeks in Italy by combining two major recent research developments in research, linking studies of micro-regions in the Mediterranean, which emphasize networks and connectivity (e.g. Horden & Purcell The Corrupting Sea 2000), within the context of new work on ancient language contact (e.g. Adams Bilingualism and the Latin Language 2003).The project will work from a rich, but manageable data set. Epigraphic sources will be the primary focus, since inscriptions furnish the principle record for nearly all of the ancient languages once spoken in Italy (Latin is of course the exception). Recent research has hugely enhanced our knowledge of the non-Latin languages of Italy through the publication of new corpora, including Imagines Italicae (2011), the result of an AHRC project. These corpora allow us to tally the linguistic evidence with known archaeological or historical contexts. The project team will comprise researchers with expertise on both the Greek language and the native languages of Italy, with overlapping strengths in historical / comparative linguistics, epigraphy and classical studies. Through collaborative research and by pooling expertise and knowledge of different areas and languages, we will gain a fuller picture of the complexity of bilingual and multilingual interaction in Italy over several centuries. We will develop methodologies for using epigraphic material to construct a picture of interactions between speech communities, and for interpreting similarities of script and uses of literacy. The findings of the project will shed new light on ancient history, and set a standard for the investigation of the long-term impact of migration and colonization on language use and change.The project will be based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, which affords excellent institutional support for ancient history, epigraphy, and comparative/historical linguistics. The PI (James Clackson) and Co-I (Geoff Horrocks) have internationally recognized expertise in the linguistic study of the Classical languages, and a proven record of collaborative research (joint publication Blackwell History of the Latin Language, 2007). The project will employ two post-doctoral researchers, Nicholas Zair and Katherine McDonald, and one PhD student.The members of the project team will focus on different areas: Clackson on the early history of Latin and variation in the impact of Greek on different speech communities; Horrocks on developments in Greek in Italy; Zair will be concerned principally with phonological and morphological change within the Sabellian language family and McDonald will investigate long term contact and change between Greek, Oscan and Messapic in the far south of Italy. The associated PhD studentship will allow a student to work on the language of Greek inscriptions from southern Italy.

在公元前第一个千年的过程中，越来越多的希腊水手、商人和殖民者来到意大利半岛并定居下来。如此之多，以至于意大利的南半部被罗马人（Magna Graviti）和希腊人（Megale Hellas）称为“大希腊”。希腊人带来了城市生活，宗教和葡萄酒，以及字母表及其相关用途。意大利的一些城市，包括那不勒斯、雷吉安和塔伦图姆，在罗马统治下仍然说希腊语。过去30年来，大量的考古和文献发现使我们对意大利的希腊人及其所接触的土著社会有了更深入的了解，但对希腊语对土著语言的影响还没有完整的研究。该项目旨在填补这一空白，并将考虑希腊人和古代意大利各种母语的使用者之间接触的性质和结果，调查语言本身的变化，并将语言互动与社会和政治因素联系起来。该项目将为研究希腊人在意大利的影响带来一种新的方法，方法是将研究方面的两项主要最新研究进展结合起来，将地中海微型区域的研究联系起来，强调网络和连通性（例如Horden &珀塞尔《腐蚀的海洋》，2000年），在古代语言接触的新工作的背景下（例如亚当斯双语和拉丁语2003）。该项目将从一个丰富的，但可管理的数据集工作。铭文来源将是主要的焦点，因为铭文提供了几乎所有曾经在意大利使用的古代语言的主要记录（拉丁语当然是例外）。最近的研究通过出版新的语料库，包括AHRC项目的成果Imagines Italicae（2011），极大地增强了我们对意大利非拉丁语言的了解。这些语料库使我们能够将语言证据与已知的考古或历史背景相吻合。该项目小组将由具有希腊语和意大利本土语言专业知识的研究人员组成，他们在历史/比较语言学、金石学和古典研究方面具有重叠的优势。通过合作研究和汇集不同领域和语言的专业知识和知识，我们将更全面地了解几个世纪以来意大利双语和多语言互动的复杂性。我们将开发使用金石材料来构建语言社区之间的互动图片，并解释脚本和识字的使用的相似性的方法。该项目的研究成果将为研究古代历史提供新的视角，并为研究移民和殖民化对语言使用和变化的长期影响设定标准。该项目将设在剑桥大学古典文学学院，该学院为古代史、金石学和比较/历史语言学提供了出色的机构支持。PI（James Clackson）和Co-I（Geoff Horrocks）在古典语言的语言学研究方面拥有国际公认的专业知识，以及合作研究的良好记录（联合出版物Blackwell拉丁语历史，2007）。该项目将聘请两名博士后研究员，尼古拉斯Zair和凯瑟琳麦克唐纳，以及一名博士生。项目小组的成员将集中在不同的领域：克拉克森对拉丁语的早期历史和希腊语对不同语言社区的影响的变化;霍罗克斯对希腊语在意大利的发展; Zair将主要关注Sabellian语系中的语音和形态变化，McDonald将研究希腊语，位于意大利最南端的奥斯坎和梅萨皮克。相关的博士生奖学金将允许学生研究来自意大利南部的希腊铭文的语言。