The Memory of the Fronde in the Age of Louis XIV (1653-1715)

路易十四时代（1653-1715）投石党的记忆

• 批准号: AH/L002221/1
• 负责人: Bruno Tribout
• 金额: $ 10.9万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL002221%2F1
• 关键词: Memory; Fronde; Age; Louis; XIV

What do we make of civil wars once the fighting is over? What is the role of memory in the transition to peace and the shaping of national identity? The uncertain and troubled aftermath of many recent civil wars reminds us today just how important these questions are. In response to a growing interest in such issues, memory studies have developed into a flourishing field of research in recent years, yet little attention has been paid so far to early modern remembering processes, which, my project argues, have intellectual, cultural and social values for us today.In this context, my project concentrates on the aftermath of the mid-seventeenth-century civil wars known as the Fronde ('Sling') (1648-53), which took place during the minority of Louis XIV. The last upheaval of the Ancien Regime before the French Revolution, these wars brought the aristocracy, the parliaments and the people into opposition with the court. There is no doubt that it was in reaction to these troubles that the king subsequently engineered an authoritarian absolute monarchy in which the memory of the Fronde was challenged by strict censorship. Yet, the conflict was not erased from history by decision of the king: historians, playwrights and novelists continued to reflect, distort and re-create the events of the Fronde, thereby contributing to the shaping of a collective memory of the wars. By overwhelmingly ignoring the ways in which the Fronde was written and rewritten after the troubles, today's historians seem to award Louis XIV this final victory. My project thus addresses the need to reassess the significance of the memory of the Fronde. My research will look at works of history and fiction rewriting the Fronde and their relationship to propaganda, political thought and the philosophy of history. In the first area, the project will explore the various strategies used by many of the authors studied to defy censorship, convey criticism of the regime and deconstruct the image of a great reign elaborated by Louis XIV's propaganda. In addition, the project will examine how many of the works studied offer radical reflections on the best form of government, thus providing a link between Renaissance political thought and that of the Enlightenment, a link which has hitherto been overlooked. Finally, many of the works studied also use the Fronde to call into question the capacity of history to teach us lessons: they form an understudied factor accounting for the scepticism associated with neo-classical French literature. Moreover, the works studied also reveal shifting conceptions of history, often opposing a cyclical representation of political time inspired by Antiquity to a linear vision of history inspired by Christianity; however, in a period of increasing secularisation, civil wars like the Fronde are increasingly seen as resulting merely from human actions and explained by the then emerging notion of self-interest. In showing that the memory of the Fronde has a key part to play in the evolution of political thought and the philosophy of history, my project will make an original contribution to the study of early-modern France. Seeking a cross-pollination of approaches developed by literary history, historiography and memory studies, the project also promotes an original methodology, one which can be applied to other areas beyond French studies, as the conclusion to my book and an article discussing the methods used in this project will show. With this in mind, I will organise a conference on post-conflict memory in early modern Europe aimed at fostering a transversal approach across disciplines and a dialogue with stakeholders who can influence post-conflict policies today as well as with members of the general public. In order to engage a wider audience beyond academia, workshops in local schools will also be organised to encourage critical thinking on the remembrance of civil wars and the writing of history.

内战结束后我们该怎么办？记忆在向和平过渡和塑造民族认同中的作用是什么？最近许多内战的不确定和混乱的后果提醒我们今天这些问题是多么重要。为了回应人们对这些问题日益增长的兴趣，近年来记忆研究已经发展成为一个蓬勃发展的研究领域，但迄今为止，人们对早期现代记忆过程的关注很少，我的项目认为，这对我们今天具有智力，文化和社会价值。我的项目集中在世纪中期内战的后果，被称为投石党（1648-53），这发生在路易十四的少数民族。法国大革命前旧政权的最后一次动乱，这些战争使贵族，议会和人民与法院对立。毫无疑问，正是为了应对这些麻烦，国王随后设计了一个独裁的绝对君主制，在这个君主制中，对投石党的记忆受到严格审查的挑战。然而，这场冲突并没有因为国王的决定而从历史上抹去：历史学家、剧作家和小说家继续反映、歪曲和再现了投石党起义的事件，从而有助于塑造对战争的集体记忆。今天的历史学家似乎完全忽视了《投石党》在动乱后的写作和改写方式，认为路易十四取得了这一最后的胜利。因此，我的项目解决了重新评估弗龙德记忆的重要性的需要。 我的研究将着眼于历史和小说重写的Fronde和他们的宣传，政治思想和历史哲学的关系的作品。在第一个领域，该项目将探讨许多被研究的作者所使用的各种策略，以对抗审查，传达对政权的批评，并解构路易十四宣传所阐述的伟大统治的形象。此外，该项目还将研究有多少研究作品提供了对政府最佳形式的激进思考，从而提供了文艺复兴时期政治思想与启蒙运动之间的联系，这一联系迄今为止一直被忽视。最后，研究的许多作品也使用了投石党来质疑历史给我们教训的能力：它们形成了一个未被充分研究的因素，解释了与新古典主义法国文学相关的怀疑主义。此外，所研究的作品也揭示了历史观念的转变，通常反对受古代启发的政治时间的周期性代表，反对受基督教启发的线性历史观;然而，在日益世俗化的时期，像投石党这样的内战越来越被视为仅仅是人类行为的结果，并被当时新兴的自我利益概念所解释。通过展示对弗龙德的记忆在政治思想和历史哲学的演变中发挥着关键作用，我的项目将对早期现代法国的研究做出原创性贡献。寻求文学史，史学和记忆研究开发的方法的交叉授粉，该项目还推广了一种原创的方法，可以应用于法国研究以外的其他领域，正如我的书的结论和一篇讨论该项目中使用的方法的文章所示。考虑到这一点，我将组织一次关于近代欧洲冲突后记忆的会议，旨在促进跨学科的横向方法，并与能够影响当今冲突后政策的利益相关者以及公众进行对话。为了吸引学术界以外的更广泛的受众，还将在当地学校举办研讨会，鼓励对内战的纪念和历史书写进行批判性思考。

项目成果

Les Mémoires d'Ancien Régime au carrefour des disciplines Autour de La Rochefoucauld

拉罗什富科的旧制度回忆录

• DOI: 10.3917/poeti.186.0215
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Poétique
• 作者: Tribout B

La scène polémique des Mémoires: l'exemple de Guy Joly et du cardinal de Retz

记忆中的政治场景：盖伊·乔利和雷茨红衣主教的例子

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: XVIIe siècle
• 作者: Tribout B

La mémoire des Mazarinades : une critique politique sous Louis XIV

马扎里纳德斯回忆录:对路易十四政治的批判

• DOI: 10.3917/rhlf.154.0933
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France
• 作者: Tribout B

Littérature et politique: factions et dissidences de la Ligue à la Fronde

文学与政治：联盟与投石党的派别与异议

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Tribout, B.

Une mémoire critique de la Fronde: formes et fonctions du pastiche dans les Mémoires apocryphes de Courtilz de Sandras

投石党回忆录批判：考蒂尔兹·德·桑德拉斯回忆录伪经中模仿的形式和功能

• DOI: 10.1093/fs/knx006
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: French Studies
• 影响因子: 0.2
• 作者: Tribout B