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Cataloguing Damnation: The Birth of Scientific Heresiology in Late Antiquity

编目诅咒：古代晚期科学异端学的诞生

基本信息

批准号：
AH/L014882/1
负责人：
Richard Flower
金额：
$ 11.29万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL014882%2F1
关键词：
Cataloguing Damnation Birth Scientific Heresiology

项目摘要

My fellowship project examines a surprising marriage of 'science' and 'religion', two concepts that are often regarded as representing fundamentally opposed methods of enquiry and systems of understanding. In late antiquity, from the end of the fourth century onwards, Christian authors wrote encyclopaedias of heresies and deviant beliefs, creating a genre of literature that has come to be known as heresiology. What is striking about these texts is that, rather than merely basing their arguments for a particular theological viewpoint on biblical exegesis or Christian tradition, they also employed techniques from classical technical writing to present themselves as definitive guides to orthodoxy, communicating reliable information that had been collected and organised in the same manner as in a natural history or a guide to anatomy. Like an encyclopaedist or physician, the heresiologist became a new type of scholarly expert, while heresiology was constructed as another branch of scientific knowledge to be studied, classified and defined. Moreover, even though imperial support by the emperor Constantine and his successors had freed Christianity from the danger of pagan persecution, it had also revealed, and even exacerbated, disagreements and divisions among believers. While heresiologies have often been dismissed as haphazard and distasteful agglomerations of attacks on the Church's enemies, this project will both rehabilitate them as sophisticated examples of technical literature and also place them firmly back into a context of theological and institutional instability, interpreting them as attempts by authors to secure their own orthodox status against dangerous challenges from opponents.My most recent completed project, which produced a monograph for Cambridge University Press in 2013, explored the role of invective in the political life of the fourth-century Roman empire, including its renegotiation in response to the novelty of having a Christian emperor whom some of his co-religionists regarded as misguided or even heretical. During the course of the fellowship, I will be writing a monograph on the development of heresiology - and the persona of the heresiologist - during late antiquity, illuminating its repeated reinvention in response to both changing cultural and political circumstances and also the growing literary tradition of the genre. In addition, I will organise an international conference on the theme of cultural interactions and identity in late antiquity, and also edit a volume of papers resulting from it. I will also be visiting Germany and North America to disseminate my own research and engage with other academics working in both Classics and related fields, as well as bringing my own research - and that of other innovative scholars working on similar themes - to a wider audience through a series of podcast interviews, entitled 'New Adventures in Antiquity'.By viewing the emergence of heresiology not as a dramatic, Christian-inspired break with the Greco-Roman past, but rather as a direct development from it, my work will illuminate a vital aspect of the re-use and transformation of classical literary conventions and methodologies for new contexts. In doing so, it will explore shifting attitudes towards the creation of authoritative knowledge during this period and, through comparison with epitomes, chronicles and other encyclopaedic writings, will contribute to the wider intellectual history of late antiquity. Moreover, by examining the variety of strategies employed both for the invention and redefinition of tradition and for the demarcation and policing of boundaries of acceptable behaviour and belief, it will, more broadly, provide a significant insight into the complex and often paradoxical ways in which science and religion can interlock, even - and perhaps especially - at times of rapid social and historical change.

我的奖学金项目研究了“科学”和“宗教”的惊人结合，这两个概念通常被认为代表了根本对立的调查方法和理解系统。在古代晚期，从第四世纪末开始，基督教作家写了关于异端邪说和离经叛道信仰的小说，创造了一种后来被称为异端邪说的文学体裁。这些文本的惊人之处在于，它们不是仅仅将自己对某一特定神学观点的论证建立在《圣经》注释或基督教传统之上，而是采用了古典技术写作的技巧，将自己呈现为正统的权威指南，传达了以与自然史或解剖学指南相同的方式收集和组织的可靠信息。就像一个儿科医生或医生，异端学者成为一种新类型的学术专家，而异端学被构造为另一个分支的科学知识进行研究，分类和定义。此外，尽管君士坦丁大帝及其继任者的帝国支持使基督教摆脱了异教迫害的危险，但它也暴露了，甚至加剧了信徒之间的分歧和分裂。虽然异端邪说经常被视为攻击教会敌人的偶然和令人厌恶的聚合物而被驳回，但本项目将把它们恢复为技术文献的复杂例子，并将它们牢牢地放回神学和制度不稳定的背景下，将它们解释为作者试图确保自己的正统地位，以对抗对手的危险挑战。2013年为剑桥大学出版社出版了一本专著，探讨了谩骂在4世纪罗马帝国政治生活中的作用，包括对新出现的基督教皇帝的重新谈判，他的一些宗教信徒认为这是误导，甚至是异端。在奖学金的过程中，我将写一本关于异端学发展的专著-以及异端学家的角色-在古代晚期，阐明它在不断变化的文化和政治环境以及不断增长的文学传统中的反复重塑。此外，我还将组织一次以古代晚期文化互动和身份为主题的国际会议，并编辑由此产生的大量论文。我还将访问德国和北美，传播我自己的研究成果，并与其他在古典学和相关领域工作的学者接触，除了通过一系列播客访谈将我自己的研究--以及其他致力于类似主题的创新学者的研究--带给更广泛的受众，通过将异端学的出现视为与希腊罗马过去的戏剧性的、基督教启发的决裂，而是从希腊罗马过去的直接发展，我的工作将阐明经典文学惯例和方法在新语境中的再利用和转化的一个重要方面。在这样做的过程中，它将探讨在这一时期对权威知识的创造态度的转变，并通过与缩影，编年史和其他古代著作的比较，将有助于更广泛的古代晚期的思想史。此外，通过考察为传统的创造和重新定义以及为可接受的行为和信仰的界限的划分和监管所采用的各种策略，它将更广泛地提供一个重要的洞察力，以了解科学和宗教可以以复杂且往往自相矛盾的方式相互联系，甚至-也许特别是-在社会和历史快速变化的时期。