Magic, Diabolism, and Global Religion in European Print Culture, 1500-1700

欧洲印刷文化中的魔法、恶魔和全球宗教，1500-1700 年

• 批准号: AH/L015013/1
• 负责人: Jennifer Susan Spinks
• 金额: $ 16.17万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL015013%2F1
• 关键词: Magic; Diabolism; Global; Religion; European

This project analyses the print culture of Europe c.1500-1700 against the backdrop of the religious conflicts of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. In doing so it examines how printed books and related publications were sites of polemical exchange. The core of the project involves an analysis of 'wonder books', which were produced in great numbers and helped to shape contemporary religious anxieties and debates. These books collated and explained an extraordinary range of natural and supernatural phenomena (earthquakes, 'monstrous' births, terrible signs in the sky, diabolical creatures), and framed them in moralising and often deeply polemical terms. Most significantly, they were tools for Protestants and Catholics to use the astonishing properties of the world around them to create polemical narratives about religious conflict. These books appeared at the same time as other encyclopedic works, including cosmographies and travelogues with information on non-European lands, and demonological treatises on the activities of witches and devils. Wonder books were also closely connected to cheaper broadsheets that reported wondrous and terrifying events as part of a proto-journalistic news culture. The project will provide the first substantial analysis of how Protestants and Catholics recycled this sort of printed material across German-, French- and Dutch-speaking Europe - as well as across different religious communities - and in doing so used print in vigorous new ways. In thematic terms this study will explore, for the first time, how these publications collectively reveal increasing anxieties about the devil, witchcraft, and 'heathen' religions beyond Europe's borders, and the ways in which these anxieties shaped European's approaches to religious conflicts on their own doorsteps. Reports of magical but also diabolical practices and objects in Asia, India, the Americas and elsewhere began to appear in European printed publications in the wake of European trade-based and missionary expansion in the sixteenth century. This material intersected with new debates and reports of diabolical witchcraft in Europe, and the whole was set in a broader framework of the extraordinary yet terrifying manifestations of the natural world. In examining this material, the project will provide a new reading of the print culture of wonder books, and their tangible role in constructing and shaping different forms of religious identity in the early modern world. It will explore the extent to which this anxiety about 'others' (witches, demons, and idolatrous heathens) was partly a means of giving polemical voice to religious conflict within Europe. Research during the fellowship period will lead to innovative publications in the form of a book-length study as well as an article, and it will form the foundations for a collaborative exhibition project in early 2016 at the John Rylands Library, Manchester. The John Rylands Library is rich in printed and manuscript materials that reflect early modern cultural, intellectual and social preoccupations with magic, the supernatural, and the extraordinary properties of the physical world of Europe and beyond. This exhibition, with associated public events that will engage wide audiences and community groups, will explore how new ideas and experiences in early modern Europe prompted intensive debates about magical, diabolical and supernatural events, and about how to deal with them as individuals and societies. Religious conflicts, scientific developments, legal changes, and encounters with distant lands and peoples led to new ways of reporting, representing and debating magic and related phenomena. The exhibition will explore how beliefs in the power of magic, witchcraft, and associated phenomena persisted and adapted to changes in the early modern world. It will be supported and extended by a publication, an academic symposium, and a range of events for and by the wider public.

该项目分析了欧洲的印刷文化c.1500-1700的宗教改革和反改革的宗教冲突的背景下。在这样做的时候，它审查了印刷书籍和相关出版物是如何成为论战交流的场所的。该项目的核心是对“奇迹书”的分析，这些书大量产生，并有助于塑造当代宗教焦虑和辩论。这些书整理和解释了一系列非同寻常的自然和超自然现象（地震，“可怕的”出生，天空中的可怕迹象，恶魔生物），并以道德和经常深刻的论战术语将它们框定。最重要的是，它们是新教徒和天主教徒利用周围世界的惊人特性来创造关于宗教冲突的论战叙事的工具。这些书与其他的欧洲百科全书同时出现，包括关于非欧洲土地的宇宙志和游记，以及关于女巫和魔鬼活动的恶魔学论文。奇迹书也与更便宜的大报密切相关，这些大报报道了令人惊奇和恐怖的事件，作为原始新闻文化的一部分。该项目将首次对新教徒和天主教徒如何在讲德语、法语和荷兰语的欧洲以及不同的宗教社区回收这类印刷材料进行实质性分析，并在此过程中以充满活力的新方式使用印刷品。在主题方面，这项研究将探讨，第一次，这些出版物如何集体揭示越来越多的焦虑，魔鬼，巫术，和“异教徒”宗教超越欧洲的边界，以及这些焦虑的方式塑造欧洲的方法，以宗教冲突在自己的家门口。随着欧洲在世纪以贸易为基础的传教扩张，关于亚洲、印度、美洲和其他地方的魔法和恶魔习俗和物品的报道开始出现在欧洲的印刷出版物中。这一材料与新的辩论和报告的恶魔巫术在欧洲，和整个设置在一个更广泛的框架内的非凡但可怕的表现自然世界。在研究这些材料时，该项目将提供一种新的阅读奇迹书的印刷文化，以及它们在早期现代世界中构建和塑造不同形式的宗教身份方面的切实作用。它将探讨这种对“他人”（女巫、恶魔和偶像崇拜的异教徒）的焦虑在多大程度上是欧洲内部宗教冲突的一种手段。在奖学金期间的研究将导致创新出版物的形式，一本书的长度研究以及一篇文章，它将形成一个合作展览项目的基础在2016年初在约翰赖兰图书馆，曼彻斯特。约翰·莱兰兹图书馆拥有丰富的印刷和手稿材料，反映了早期现代文化，知识和社会对魔法，超自然和欧洲及其他物质世界的非凡特性的关注。这个展览，与相关的公共活动，将吸引广泛的观众和社区团体，将探讨如何在早期现代欧洲的新思想和经验，促使有关神奇，恶魔和超自然事件的激烈辩论，以及如何处理他们作为个人和社会。宗教冲突，科学发展，法律的变化，以及与遥远的土地和人民的接触，导致了报道，代表和辩论魔法和相关现象的新方式。展览将探讨对魔法、巫术和相关现象的力量的信仰如何持续并适应早期现代世界的变化。它将得到一份出版物、一次学术研讨会和一系列面向公众和由公众举办的活动的支持和扩展。

项目成果

Magic, Witches and Devils in the Early Modern World: Exhibition Catalogue

早期现代世界的魔法、女巫和魔鬼：展览目录

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Spinks Jennifer