Narco-Mex: Drugs and the Making of Modern Mexico, 1910-2012

在过去的十年里，关于卡特尔间冲突和毒品战争的可怕影响的故事充斥着墨西哥的新闻报道。几乎每过一周，新闻里就会出现另一个万人坑、全市范围内的枪战或悲惨的绑架等令人毛骨悚然的细节。大多数观察人士现在估计死亡人数接近8万人；忏悔的内部人士，从他们未被发现的沙漠坟墓的故事中，暗示这个数字要高得多。尽管当代人们对贩毒集团自相残杀的战争很感兴趣，但很少有关于毒品贸易或毒品战争的历史、背景、轨迹或多重直接和间接影响的著作。我们的研究——第一部全面的、独立的墨西哥毒品交易历史——将对过去一个世纪以来毒品的政治、社会经济和文化史及其监管建立深刻、清晰的叙述。我们的研究依赖于全新的或很少使用的资源，包括最近解密的美国和墨西哥安全文件和“后门”进入毒品交易的封闭世界（包括教育，农业和健康报告，地区和犯罪报纸，以及口述历史），而不是由学科或流派的限制，三位学者将合作提供一个独特的跨学科的项目愿景。潘斯特斯将带来他在政治人类学方面的专长，史密斯将带来他对社会和文化史的理解，瓦特将带来他对政治经济学和美墨关系的兴趣。在各种文献的基础上，我们将研究农民生产麻醉品，毒品作为商品，禁止制度的文化和医疗建设，美国政策的变化和矛盾性质，以及暴力，民主和国家形成之间的联系。在这样做的过程中，我们将产生一个复杂的，当地敏感的，但可以理解的贸易历史。与其他作品往往只是口头上的长期分析不同，这本书还将毒品贸易置于更广泛的毒品立法（追溯到殖民时期）、走私（追溯到19世纪）、地区政治和民族国家形成的讨论中。最后，这项工作还将设法将墨西哥毒品工业置于全球麻醉品贸易的背景之下。在此过程中，我们将制定一个理论和方法模型，以了解其他发展中国家毒品、资本主义、有组织犯罪和政治的历史汇合。这项研究不仅将产生大量的学术成果，而且将产生重大影响，并将在三个研讨会和一个会议上进行讨论，旨在将政策专家、非政府组织、政治家和记者聚集在一起，并形成BBC广播4台纪录片的基础。

Over past decade, stories on the terrifying effects of intercartel conflicts and the war on drugs have saturated news coverage of Mexico. Barely a week goes by without the gruesome details of another mass grave, citywide shootout, or tragic kidnapping hitting the news. Most observers now estimate the death toll as pushing 80,000; repentant insiders, with their tales of undiscovered desert graves, hint at a far higher number. Despite this contemporary fascination with the cartels' internecine warfare, there are few works on the history, the context, the trajectory, or the multiple direct and indirect effects of either the narcotics trade or the war on drugs. Our research - the first holistic, stand-alone history of the Mexican drug trade - will establish a profound, clear narrative of the political, socioeconomic, and cultural history of narcotics and their regulation over the past century. Our research relies on completely new or sparsely used sources, including recently declassified US and Mexican security files and "back door" entrances to the closed world of the drug trade (including education, agrarian, and health reports, regional and crime newspapers, and oral history), Rather than being bounded by discipline or genre, the three scholars will collaborate to offer a distinct interdisciplinary vision of the project. Pansters will bring his expertise in political anthropology, Smith his understanding of social and cultural history, and Watt his interest in political economy and US-Mexican relations. Building on diverse literatures, we shall examine the peasant production of narcotics, drugs as commodities, the cultural and medical construction of prohibition regimes, the shifting and contradictory nature of US policy, and the links between violence, democracy, and state formation. In doing so, we shall produce a complex and locally sensitive, but comprehensible history of the trade. Unlike other works which often only pay lip service to long term analysis, the book will also contextualize the trade within a broader discussion of narcotics legislation (reaching back to the colonial period), smuggling (reaching back to the nineteenth century), regional politics and national state formation. Finally, the work will also seek to place the Mexican drugs industry within the context of the global narcotics trade. In doing so, we will formulate a theoretical and methodological model for understanding the historical confluence of narcotics, capitalism, organized crime and politics in other developing nations.This research will not only generate substantial academic output, but also will make substantial impact, feeding into discussion at three workshops and one conference designed to bring together policy professionals, NGOs, politicians, and journalists and forming the basis of a BBC Radio 4 documentary.